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...with approximately seven thousand men, predominantly Berber converts. The Visigothic king Roderic (Rodrigo) assembled his forces...
...nstructed governors throughout the empire to treat non-Arab converts (mawali) with full equality as Muslims, cutting the discrim...
...his reform was enormously popular among the non-Arab Muslim converts (mawali) of Persia and Khurasan who had faced continued tax...
...of Khurasan that drew its support from the mawali (non-Arab converts) of Persia and Khurasan — communities that had chafed under...
...-Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman and others who reimposed taxes on converts and refused to treat mawali as equal Muslims deepened resen...