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...used to designate his own successor and instead appointed a shura council of six senior companions to choose the next caliph....
...ra — a golden period of Islamic governance characterised by shura, personal piety, and direct connection to the Prophet's exa...
...the Euphrates. The tragedy that followed — the massacre on Ashura, the tenth of Muharram 61 AH — would leave permanent scars ...
...to designate his son Yazid as heir against the principle of shura (consultation) remains one of the most debated decisions in...
...ghters — faced an overwhelming Umayyad army. On the day of Ashura, the battle was swift and catastrophic. Husayn's male compa...
...d force and denied water from the Euphrates. On the Day of Ashura, the 10th of Muharram, Husayn and almost all the men with h...
The Battle of Marj al-Saffar was fought in 13 AH / 634 CE near Damascus as part of the early Syria campaign. After the Muslim victory at Ajnadayn, the remaining
The Battle of Fahl (ancient Pella) was fought in the Jordan Valley in 13 AH after the fall of Damascus. Byzantine forces flooded the plain to hinder the Muslim