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القادرية
The oldest and one of the most widespread Sufi orders, named after Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (1077–1166 CE) of Baghdad. Has tens of millions of followers across Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. The order emphasizes the practice of dhikr and service to creation as spiritual disciplines. Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani himself is venerated to a degree that has crossed into grave worship in many branches of the order.
The order's bid'ah institution aside, the primary theological concern is the popular veneration of Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani that has evolved in many branches into grave worship and invocation of the dead — both of which are shirk per Ahl us-Sunnah. Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani himself was a Hanbali scholar whose authenticated writings are free of these excesses — they were added by later followers.
Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
1166 CE