3. Patience after the act of lbaadah by being patient upon

keeping it hidden and not making a show of it. This could nullify the reward of the act. An instance is following Sadaqah (charity) with mann (reminding of a favour) and Adhaa (to publicize a favour). Patience upon the disobedience to Allaah The second type of Sabr is perseverance in staying away from sinful acts. Human soul is naturally disposed towards evil except the one whom Allaah has mercy upon.

The soul tends to indulge in its desires even if there is harm and an evil punishment in that for it. If a person does not grab hold of his desires with the reins of patience, his soul will run away with Shaytan into the field of Muharramaat (prohibited things). And there are two items that concern patience on the disobedience of Allaah -M. 1. Looking into the punishment and the evil fate, for indeed patience on the short gratification is easier than patience on falling into the fire. So if the intellect compares between a hasty gratification and an everlasting loss in the future then indeed it will know the difference between them, and this will allow him to restrain from this disobedience. 2.

Shyness from Allaah 1, who created him and blessed him and prohibited him from His disobedience. So how will he oppose Him with an action that He has prohibited, and 33 Allaah ~ is well informed about all his conditions and actions? So the slave reminds himself of this and leaves off disobedience because of his shyness of his Lord . Allaah ~ says: ,f ~ii,tH ~ 41 5~ o ~)I if S';.11 ~~ ~ft~ :,, ""/ ,. A / ~,, rli: j' ~ Ct~ / // "But as for him who feared standing before his Lord, and restrained himself from impure evil desires, and lust.

Verily, Paradise will be his abode." [An-Nazi'aat (79): 40-41] This type of patience distinguishes the righteous Muslim whose heart is imbued with Taqwa (fear of Allaah) from the rest of the Muslims. It is not unusual for both the righteous and unrighteous person to perform the obligatory duties, but it is really only the pious person that keeps himself away from sins and evil deeds. Patience upon the painful Qadar {Pre-Decree) The third type of patience is that which is required at the time of trials resulting from the Qadar of Allaah ~- This could be at the time of a painful affliction or what we fail to get. At this time, the only outlet is patience . Allaah ~ says: "And certainly, We shall test you with something of fear, hunger, loss of wealth, lives and fruits, but give glad tidings to As-Saabirin (the patient ones, etc.) Who, when afflicted with calamity, say: "Truly!

To Allaah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return." [AI-Baqarah (2): 155-156] This patience involves withholding the heart from despairing; withholding the tongue from complaining, mourning and wailing; and holding back one's body parts from committing the Haraam (prohibited) acts such as hitting oneself (as women are known to do at the death of loved ones) and ripping off the clothes and other actions of the Jaahiliyyah (pre-Islamic ignorance). And patience upon this takes place immediately after the occurrence of the hardship, as the Messenger of Allaah ~ says: "Patience should be displayed at the beginning of the affliction. "f.171 A major ingredient of a believer's patience over Qadar is his strong belief that whatever afflicts him is from the decision of Allaah ~ and it is best for him. Allaah ~ says: ~ µ,,..,., '-.-! 'iit . / / ., ..

'j/ 'i" ~ ·"'ii j / -"~ I_J < J;'_) .- / . ~ ,. / ,., .'..::iCi r: ~ S,,1,.,:: ~ ..,, ,, ~-&- Ji1 ~ -<~; t~ l. Alfa. 01 ~ ~ :/· 5-= "No calamity befalls on the earth or in yourselves but is inscribed in the Book of Decrees (AI-Lauh_A/-Mahfooz), before We brmg it into existence. Verily, that is easy for Allaah." [AI-Hadeed (57):22] Another thing that stirs a believer's patience is his desire for the immense reward that accrues from it. Allaah ~ has promised (17] AI-Bukhaaree. those who are patient upon their hardships with a great reward: "And certainly, We shall test you with something of fear, hunger, loss of wealth, lives and fruits, but give glad tidings to As-Saabirin (the patient ones). Who, when afflicted with calamity, say: "Truly!

To Allaah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return." They are those on whom are the Salawaat (i.e. blessings, etc.) (i.e. who are blessed and will be forgiven) from their Lord, and (they are those) who receive His Mercy, and it is they who are the guided ones." [Al Baqarah (2):155-157] The patience of a Muslim is equally informed by his knowledge that with every difficulty comes ease. Allaah ~ says : (7> 7>_i\ ,,,, ~ I {7-" 7~i\ ,,,, ~ '}... ,,£. rr t. "'!, o r- -f'"""' t. "'!, r "Verily, along with every hardship, is relief. Verily, along with every hardship is relief." [Ash Sharh (94):5-6] And the Messenger of Allaah ~ said: ~fj , ~ _:s:JI c3 t_}ll ~fj , !: ~I E ~,a.71\ ~f ~lj \"o > o~ I\ ,, r..-r ~ "Know that help comes with patience and ease comes with suffering and relief comes with hardship.''f. 18 1 Part of the aid to a Muslim's patience upon a hardship is the remembrance of the blessings of Allaah upon him.

The favours of Allaah are so numerous that they greatly outnumber the afflictions. Allaah 'M says: ~hy~..1 '1 ;, ~--..:j iJ~ 01.J~ "If you count the Blessings of Allaah, never will you be able to count them." [lbraheem (14): 34] If one remembers this, the affliction will become easy for him and he will recognize the greatness of Allaah. In effect, Allaah has ordered us with patience and He has praised its people and has sent glad tidings upon them and He has promised them that they will receive their rewards in full and without reckoning. [18] The Prophet ~ said: J J.li~ ~\.:;-JI J 41 J1 .:J~ , .iL\;f ~~ Ji\ ~ I ~ <~1:1 iJ li;;. f \; 01 ,: - :1 ~- L.o f \; ~ , ~ l.f":. 1 J ·· / · I~ 13/ , olll / 1 E3 t_)J\ 0f_, \r'. :,I\ ~ ~.'./1\ 01 ~\J , a j ~ I~ ~ I E3 01_, , ~:,sj1 ''. .. Be mindful of Allaah, yau will find Him before you. Get to know Allaah in prosperity and He will know you in adversity.

Know that what has passed you by was not going to befall you; and that what has befallen you was not going to pass you by. And know that victory comes with patience, relief with affliction, and ease with hardship." (Musnad Ahmad) "Say (O Muhammad ~ ): "O My slaves who believe (in the Oneness of Allaah Islamic Monotheism), be afraid of your Lord (Allaah) and keep your duty to Him. Good is (the reward) for those who do good in this world, and Allaah's earth is spacious! Only those who are patient shall receive their rewards in full, without reckoning." [Az-Zumar (39): 10] And He has promised them help and leadership in this religion. Shaykhul lslaam lbn Taymiyyah .&1 4-2-J says, "Leadership in the religion is acquired through patience and Yaqeen (certainty)." And he used as evidence the Saying of Allaah ~ that: !,, _,, ~o_j-'; ~~ J;~ ~ t3 G/~ 0_)~ 4 ~ (.\~~~ "And We made from among them (Children of Israel), leaders, giving guidance under Our Command, when they were patient and used to believe with certainty in Our Ayah." [As-Sajdah (32):24] May Allaah make us from those who have patience upon hardships and from those who are thankful upon His blessings.

(Aameen) Perspectives of Patience Patience may be of two types, either physical or psychological, and both types may either be by choice, or without choice, as follows : 1. Physical patience by choice, such as doing hard labour willingly. 2. Psychological patience by choice, such as refraining from things which both the Shari'ah and common sense say are wrong. 3. Physical patience without choice, such as patiently bearing illness, beatings and extremes of heat and cold . 4. Psychological patience without choice, such as patiently bearing an enforced separation from one whom you love.

Degrees of patience From the above, it can be seen that patience is of two types: by choice or without choice. Patience by choice is of a higher status than patience without choice, as the latter is common to all people, but the former is not attainable by all. Therefore the patience of Yusuf ~I in disobeying the wife of AI-Azeez who invited him to adultery, as Allaah ~ says: "And she, in whose house he was, sought to seduce him (to do an evil act), she closed the doors and said: "Come on, 0 you." He said: "I seek refuge in Allaah (or Allaah forbid)! Truly, he (your husband) is my master! He made my stay agreeable!

(So I will never betray him). Verily, the Zalimun (wrong and evil-doers) will never be successful." [Yusuf {12): 23] ... and his patience in bearing the resulting punishment is of a higher status than his patience in response to his brothers' actions, when they threw him in the well, separate him from his father and sold him as a slave J19J Allaah ~ says: ef J~ -1}~ ~t ~;~ ~ j~ ~ ~\ y~ j~~ "He said: 'O my Lord! Prison is more to my liking than that (19) [Yusuf (12) : 15 - 20) . to which they invite me. Unless You turn away their plot from me, I will feel inclined towards them and be one {of those who commit sin and deserve blame or those who do deeds) of the ignorants." [Yusuf (12): 33) This superior, voluntary, patience is the patience of the Prophets, of lbraheem, Moosaa, Nooh, Eesaa and the Seal of Prophets, Muhammad ~yoi Their patience was in calling people to Allaah and in striving against the enemies of Allaah. These four types of patience apply only to human beings.

Animals share only the two types of patience in which there is no choice, and man is distinguished by having the patience in which there is choice. However, many people exhibit only the types of patience that animals have, i.e. patience without choice. [20) These five are referred to as u/ool 'azm min or-Rusu/ (messenger of strong will) . Allaah ~ says: ,,£ 1) :'- 11 ~ ~ '-;:.J' ~ -~ /J1 i'Vi /,'/ -!..r' '.J'_) ~ c.r . ·~}._ ~ y " Therefore be patient (0 Muhammad ,, ) as did the Messengers of strong will." [AI-Ahqaaf (46): 35) And all the five are mentioned in the following Verse : // .,,,.>,..,,,..,,,.__ , ,. >- /~/ ,..,. ,,,. .,, ... /,1/ ,,,,,,.,.~ ,, ,,,.~ ~-' LS"Y'.J ~)µ f:! ~-' ~ . J ~ 0,<~li ~ \.;J.;..\ .:iJ.JY ,/t. 1": l...J:2....IO t:: .,. = >'. , ., . ,,,.,.. . . ~. . . ,. ., ,. ,\.;·~1 ,1 ' \ ~ -/ -/ ~ . !) (-v> q. "And (remember) when We took from the Prophets their covenant, and from you (O Muhammad ,), and from Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim (Abraham), Moosaa (Moses), and 'Eesaa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary).

We took from them a strong covenant." [AI-Ahzaab (33): 7) The patience of jinns Ji nns share the quality of pati ence with humans, as they are responsible for their actions like humans are. They need patience to fulfil their responsibilities towards Allaah the same way that we do. Allaah ~ says: ,.i 0 "'{)) 1.:-J ~\ ~ • ~,, /· ~\" !o !o'.J w ,:,:;, \.'.: /~ ;, ~ "And I (Allaah) created not the jinns and humans except they should worship Me (Alone).'' [Adh-Dhariyaat {51) : 56] One might ask: are they responsible in the same way that we are, or in a different way? The answer is that with regard to matters of emotion and feelings they are responsible just as we are, and share the obligation to love for the sake of Allaah and hate for Allaah, to believe and have faith, to take believers for friends and unbelievers for enemies, etc. But as far as physical matters such as Ghusl, Wudhu, washing after relieving oneself and circumcision are concerned, they are not the same as us.

Their duties in that regard are in accordance with the way they are created. The patience of angels Another question that may arise is: Do angels have patience? The answer is that the angels are not tested with whims and desires that contradict their reason and knowledge. For them, worshipping and obeying Allaah are like breathing for us. Allaah ~ says : {0y~~ c: s_;t~~ ~_}I t ~r s_):a~ ~~ "[The angels] disobey not, (from executing) the Commands they receive from Allaah, but do that which they are commanded.'' [At-Tahreem (66): 6] Therefore the angels do not need patience, because patience is needed when one has conflicting motives, religion and reason upon wrong action whims and desires.

However, the angels may have some kind of patience, which befits them and makes them persevere in doing what they were created for. The patience of man If a man's patience is stronger than his whims and desires, then he is like an angel, but if his whims and desires are stronger than his patience, then he is like a devil or evil jinn. If his desire for food, drink and sex is stronger than his patience, then he is no better than an animal. A little baby has only the desire for food when he needs it, and his patience is like the patience of animals. Until he reaches an age when he can tell what is what, he has no choice.

When he grows a little older and develops a desire to play, then his patience by choice will develop. He will start to know what patience means when his sexual desire develops. At the same time, his power of reasoning is also developing, but between the age when he can tell right from wrong and the age of puberty, all he can see is his own interests in this world, and what might make life good or bad. This limited view will remain until he is guided by Allaah, then he will have the full picture and begin to think of his interests both in this life and the hereafter. He will become aware of where different actions may lead, and will prepare himself for a long struggle with his desires and natural inclinationsPl (21] 'Uddat As-Sabirin Wa Dhakhirat Ash-Shakirin by lbn AI-Qayyim AIJawziyyah.

Categories of Patience Patience can also be divided into categories following the five categories of deeds, namely Wajib (obligatory), Mandub (encouraged), Mahdhur (forbidden), Makruh (disliked) and Mubah (permissible) .l22l [22) Shaykh 'Abdur-Rahmaan bin Naasir As-Sa'dee .iii,._;.._; stated in his useful booklet, 'Usu/ UI-Fiqh': The Ahkaam (rulings) upon which Fiqh revolve are five: [1]: Waajib (obligation): that for which the one who performs it is rewarded, whilst the one who abandons it is punished. [2]: Haraam (prohibition): this is the opposite of an obligation . [3]: Masnoon (recommended): that for which the one who performs it is rewarded, whilst the one who leaves it is not punished. [4]: Makrooh (detested): this is the opposite of a recommendation. [5]: Mubaah (permissible): this is where both (its doing or leaving) are equivalent. Those rulings which are Waajib (obligatory) are divided into two categories: Obligatory {Waajib) patience 1. Patience in abstaining from forbidden things and actions, 2. Patience in carrying out obligatory deeds, 3. Patience in facing adversity which is beyond one's control, such as illness, poverty, etc.

Ford 'Ayn (individual obligation), the doing of which is sought from every Mukai/of (morally responsible), Baaligh (mature) 'Aaqil (sane ) pe rson. The majority of the Sharee'ah rulings enter into this category. The second is Ford Kifaayah (collective obligation), the performance of wh ich is sought from the morally responsible collectively, but not from every individua l specifically; such as the learning of the various branches of useful knowledge and useful industries; the Adhaan; the commanding of good and forbidding of evil; and other similar matters. These five rulings differ widely in accordance with its state, its levels and its effects. Thus, whatever is of pure or of overwhelming Mas/ah (benefit), then the Shaari' (Lawgiver) has commanded its performance with either an obligation or a recommendation .

Whatever is of pure, or of overwhelming Mafsadah (harm), then the Lawgiver has stopped its doing with either an absolute prohibition or dislike. So this as/ (fundamental principle) encompasses all matters commanded or prohibited by the Lawgiver. As for those matters which the Lawgiver has permitted and allowed, then at times they lead to that which is good, and so are joined to those matters which have been commanded; and at other times they lead to that which is evil, and so are joined to those matters which are prohibited. So this is a great as/ (fundamental principle) that : "AI-Wasaa'ilu Lahaa Ahkaamul-Maqaasid (the means take on the same ruling as their aims)." From this we learn that : "Maa Yatimmul-Waajib 11/aa Bihi Fahuwa Waajib (whatever is required to fulfill an obligation is itself an obligation)." Likewise, whatever is required to fufill a Masnoon (recomendation) is itself recommened . Whatever leads to the establishment of a Haraam (prohibition) is itself prohibited.

And whatever leads to the establishment of a Makrooh (detested act) is itself detested . Encouraged(/Vlandoob)patience 1. Patience in abstaining from disliked things,