Chapter Four: Chapter Five

LIMITS WITHIN WHICH PREDESTINATION (QADAR) MAY BE SUBJECTED TO RATIONAL ANALYSIS 61 Some Important Principles About Qadar 62 The extent to which the human mind can comprehend the reasons behind things 65 The purposes that Shariah seeks to achieve fall into three categories 66

SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT ON QADAR (PREDESTINATION) 69 1 - The View of those Who Deny Qadar 69 The debate of Ahl as-Sunnah with the Qadariyah 77 The response of Abu ' I�aam al-Qas!alaani to a Qadari 78 The debate between 'Abd al-Jabbaar al-Hamadaani and Abu Is]:iaaq al-Asfaraayeeni 78 Between 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-' Azeez and Gheelaan ad-Dimashqi 79 Specious Arguments and their Refutation 84 ( 1 ) The meaning of blotting out and confirming in the books, and the increase and decrease in people's lifespans 84 (2) Reconciliation between the idea that Allah decrees all things and the hadith "every child is born in a state of J# rah (the natural inclination of mankind)" 86 (3) If all things are decreed, what is the meaning of the aayah, �Whatever of evil befalls you, is from yourself)? 87 (4) How did Allah create and decree evil? 91 2Those Who do not Strive, Relying on Qadar Instead 91 Refutation of A lQadariyah al-Jabariyah (Those who Believe in Predestination but Say that Man is Compelled to do What He Does and Has no Freedom of Will) 99 ( 1 ) Their error in using the word jabr (compulsion) to describe all actions of man 99 (2) Denying that man has the freedom to choose what he does is a sign of irrational thinking 1 02 (3) The claim that Allah loves and is pleased with everything that He has decreed and created 1 03 (4) The claim that belief in qadar implies that one need not take action or seek the means to an end 1 04 (5) Using qadar (predestination) as an excuse 1 10 Referring to the hadith in which Adam used qadar (predestination) as an excuse 1 14 Is it obligatory to accept and be content with what is decreed? 1 18 (6) The claim that obliging people to do something other than what they have done is obliging them to do something that is beyond their capabilities 119 (7) The view implies that all creatures are equal 1 22 3The View of Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jamaa 'ah Concerning Predestination (Qadar) 1 23 ( 1 ) Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah sums up their point of view 1 23 (2) The ' aqeedah of Imam Abu Bakr Muhammad al-I:Iu�ayn al-Aajurri concerning predestination (qadar) 1 25 (3) The 'aqeedah of At-Tahaawi concerning predestination 1 28