Part 38

Ramadan: The ninth, and holiest, month in the Muslim calendar. During this month, the Muslims must fast throughout the day.

Ruka: The act of bowing down during the salah.

Sadaqah Jariyah: A type of charity in which the rewards continues to last after the act has been done; for example, building a mosque.

Sahih: correct; an authentic narration.

Safa: One of two mountains located next to the Ka'bah. Muslims must walk between these mountains during the rituals of Hajj and

‘Umrah. Sajdah (pl. Sujaid): The act of prostrating on the ground.

Salam (salutations): The greeting that Muslims give one another when they meet.

Salam (upon finishing the prayer): The final movement of the salah, by which the salah comes to an end. It is the moving of the head to the right, and then to the left.

Salam (upon the Prophet (#%): The act of sending salutations and a prayer for peace upon the Prophet (3%).

salah: The name given to the ritual prayer performed five times a day by Muslims.

Shari‘ah: The legal laws of Islam. Shaytan (pl. Shayatin): The Arabic word for devils.

Shirk: To associate partners with Allah by directing an act of worship to other than Him, or by describing a created object with godlike powers and attributes. It is the greatest evil in Islam.

Safi: A sect of Islam; commonly translated as ‘mystics.’ They believe, amongst other things, that the Quran has an ‘outer’ meaning known to all, and an ‘inner’ meaning known only to them.

Sunnah: The practice of the Prophet (#8).

Sarah: The name given to a chapter in the Quran. The Quran is composed of 114 sarahs of various lengths.

Tabi‘ (pl. tabi'in): The generation of Muslims after that of the Companions.

Takbir: The uttering of the phrase, “Allah Akbar,” or “Allah is Great”.

Taqwa: The fear and consciousness of Allah. Tashahhud: The final invocation said before the end of every salah.

Tawassul: The act of seeking a means of nearness to Allah. A person can, for example, perform zawassul through his good deeds, since he comes closer to Allah by these deeds.

Tawhid: The concept of Islamic monotheism.

Umm: Literally ‘the mother of. Women would add this pre-fix, along with one of their children’s names, the same way that men would use ‘Abi.’

Ummah: The nation of Muslims.

‘Umrah: A ‘minor’ pilgrimage to Makkah. It can be done at any time of the year.

Witr: Typically the last prayer of the night, it consists of an odd number of rak‘at. It is common to offer the gunat during the witr prayers.

Wudu: The ablution that a Muslim performs before offering his prayers.

zakah: the third of the five pillars of Islam, it is a mandatory charity that must be given annually.

Zam-Zam: The water that springs forth from the well located infront of the Ka‘bah at Makkah. It is the most blessed water on earth.

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