Part 10

In conclusion, a person who is pressed for time thinking about some obligatory matter whilst he is praying is not the same as his thinking about some matter that is not obligatory. It may be that ‘Umar could not give thought to making plans for the army except at that time because he was the leader of the nation with many obligations and responsibilities. Anyone could find himself in a similar situation in accordance to his position. People always think about things during prayer that they do not think of at other times, and some of this could come from Shaytan. A man told one of the Salaf that he had buried some money but he had forgotten where he had buried it. He told him, ‘Go and pray,’ so he went and prayed, and he remembered where it was. It was asked of him, ‘How did you know that would happen?’ He said, ‘I know that the Shaytan will not leave him alone when he prays without reminding him of what concerns him, and the most pressing concern on this persons mind was where he buried his money.’ The intelligent servant, however, will strive to attain perfect presence of mind in prayer, just as he strives to do everything else that he is commanded to do well. There is no might or motion except in Allah, the Most High, the Almighty."

"2 Maju‘ al-Fatawa, vol. 22, pp. 610+

Ablu'|-Kalim: Adherents to speculative theology, people secking to explain the articles and premises of belief and to give evidences for them based on philosophy and logic.

Batiniyyab: A sect of the Shi'a, the followers of Isma‘ll ibn Ja'far. ‘They were of the belief that the legal texts were merely superficial expressions carrying inner meanings that oppose what is outwardly understood of them, examples lie with their explanations of Paradise, Hell and the Last Day.

Hasbwiyyaix A term frequently used by the innovators to refer to Ahlu’l-Sunnah, the AhI’l-Hadith, those who affirmed the Attributes of Allah. The first to use this term was ‘Amr ibn "Ubaid al-Mu'tazill who said that ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar bin alKhattab was a Hashwi.

Jabariyyah: Followers of the school of Jahm ibn Safwan in his be-

lief that all actions are decreed by Allah and man has no control over them at all, instead he is forced to do what he

Jabmixyal: Followers of Jahm ibn Safwan in his denial of the Names and Attributes of Allah.

Karrimnyab: Followers of Muhammad ibn Karram (d. 25514), thes divided into many sub-sects and were famous for their hhen ing of Allah to His creation (tashbiii),

Mutakallimin: Speculative Theologians, adherents to Aalim.

Qadariyyah: Those who held the belief that man has complet: free will in all that he does and that Allah has no control over him.

Qarimita: A sect holding the same belief as the Batiniyyaly ai! followers of Maymin ibn Daysan.

Falasifa: Those philosophers who promoted the ‘wisdom’ of the Greeks, the Greek philosophers who did not believe in the Resurrection as it is mentioned in the Book and Sunnah, ner did they affirm the Names and Acributes of Allah. Pru amongst their leaders was Aristotle, the student of Platiy stl from amongst their latter proponents was al-Parabi and hay Sina.

Index of Arabic Words

Auitya’: plural of wail, friend, ally, loyal companion. From the word wiléyah meaning loyalty and closeness, the opposite of enmity.

Barzakh: barrier, isthmus, A barrier that is erected between the deceased and this life preventing him from returning and a generic reference to the life that commences after death.

Bid'aby innovation, that which is newly introduced into the religion of Allah.

Da'if: weak; the hadith that is neither sahih nor hasan because it fails to "meet one of their requirements. It is of varying degrees of severity, the most severe of which being mawda’, fabricated.

Dy'é: supplication, invocation, it is an action of worship that may only be directed to Allah. It is of nwo types, supplication through worship (dw‘d ‘ibadah) and supplication of request (du'é mas‘alab). The first type of dy‘é can be understood when one understands that every act of worship is done with the unstated plea that Allah accept that action of worship and the desire to draw closer to him; and hence attain His pleasure. Hence every action of worship is a type of request to Allah. The second type of du‘dis whereby cone explicitly asks his Lord of something such as ‘O Allah! Grant me good in this world and the Hereafter.’ The second type includes the first type and the first type necessitates the second type.

Index of Arabic Words

Hadith: A text attributed to the Prophet (3g) describing his actions, words, descriptions and tacit approvals. It consists of nwo por tions, the body of the text (mar) and the ismdd, Rarely the term ts also used to refer to a text attributed to a Companion of a /iih'y

Hafiz; pl. puffaz. Hadith Master, commonly referred to one who has memorised at least 100,000 hadiths.

Flasan: good, fair. A hadith whose ésmdd is continuously linked of just, morally upright narrators but whose precision (dabf) falls short of the requirements of the sahih hadith; containing no irregularity (shddb) and no hidden defect (‘illab). A hadith can be hasan in and of itself, or contain a defect bur still be ruled to be so due supporting evidences.

Jbsan: beneficence, excellence. To worship Allah as if one is seeing Him, and knowing that even though one sees Him not, He secs the servant.

Jkblag: sincerity, to strip oneself of worshiping any besides Allah such that everything one docs is performed only to draw closer 1 Him and for His pleasure. It is to purify ones actions from any but the Creator having a share in them, from any defect or self-desire The one who has true ikhlas (mwkblis) will be free of ra’.

Iman: The firm belief, complete acknowledgement and acceptance of all that Allah and His Messenger have commanded to have faith in, submitting to it both inwardly and ovrwardly. It is the accept ance and belief of the heart that includes the actions of the heart and body, therefore it encompasses the establishment of the wholv religion. This is why the Imams and Salaf used to say, “Faith is the statement of the heart and rongue, action of the heart, tongue and limbs.’ Hence it comprises statement, action and belief, it in creases through obedience and decreases through disobedience Tt includes the beliefs of faith, its morals and manners and the

HUMILITY IN PRAYER _

actions demanded by it.

Jindd: support. The chain of authorities on which a narration is based, linking the end narrator of a narration to the one it is attributed to, be it the Prophet (4) or anyone else, narrator by narrator.

Khalaf: successors. A reference to those who followed a path other than the path of the Salaf.

Khalifah: pl. kbulafa’. Successor, representative, The Successors ot the Prophet (3g), head of the Islamic state. Also called Amur al-Mu'nsinin or Leader of the Believers.

Kafr: denial, rejection, hiding, technically referring to disbelief. It can ” be major (removing a person from the fold of Islam) or minor (not removing a person from the fold of Islam},

Our’in: The actual Word of Alléh revealed to the Prophet (3) in the Arabic language through the medium of the Angel Gabriel and the greatest miracle bestowed him, It consists of 114 chapters commencing with al-Fatihah and ending with an-Nas,

Riya’: showing, off, ostentation, an example of which lies in person beautifying actions of worship because he knows people are watching.

Sabib: correct, authentic. A hadith which has a continuously linked isnad, of just, morally upright and precise narrators; containing no irregularity (shddb) or hidden defect (‘ilab). Hence five conditions have to be met: the ésndd being continuously linked; the justice (‘ad)) of the narrator, the precision (dabf) of the narrator, its not being shadf, and its not containing an Yillab. The hadith can be sahih in and of itself, or it can contain a defect but still be ruled to

Indes of Arabic Words

be sahih due to supporting evidences.

Salaj’ predecessors, Technically used to refer to the best generat Muslims, the first three generation: the Sahdiwb, the Tiily'nn aril thw Tab‘ Tabi‘ due to the hadith, “The best of people are om jcrwns ton, then the one that follows, then the one that follows.”

Sunnah: way, path, The actions, words, descriptions, commands, priv hibitions and tacit approvals of the Prophet (¥).

Tabi'in: The generation following that of the Companions. Tab‘ Tabi'in: The generation following that of the Tabi'an.

Taga: the basic meaning of which is setting a barrier between two things. This is why it is said that one sftagd with his shield, i.c. he set it as a barrier berween him and the one who wished him evil Therefore it is as if the one who has taqwa (auttag/) has usedt bes following the commands of Allah and avoiding His prohibinwns as a barrier between himself and the Punishment. Hence he has preserved and fortified himself against the punishment of \Ilil through his obeying Him.

Tawbid: unification, monotheism, the belief in the absolute Oneness. of Allah. It is to believe that Allah Alone is the creator, nounsher, and sustainer of the worlds; it is to believe that Allah Alone ch serves to be worshipped; and ir is to believe that He has weve and perfect Names and Attributes that far transcend anyrhny: that one can imagine,