Chapter 13: Patience is half of Îmân

Îmân is in two halves: half is patience (sabr) and half is gratitude (shukr). Therefore Allâh has mentioned patience and gratitude alongside one another: "Verily in this are signs for all who constantly persevere and give thanks" (Ibrâhîm 14:5; Luqmân 31:31; Sabâ' 34:19; ash-Shurâ 42:33). The reasons why one half of îmân is patience and the other half is gratitude are as follows: 1. Îmân is a term which covers words, deeds and intentions, all of which are based on one of two things, action or abstinence. Action refers to performing a deed in accordance with the instructions of Allâh, which is the reality of gratitude. Abstinence, as in refraining from wrong action, requires patience. The whole of religion is embodied in these two things: carrying out that which Allâh has commanded, and refraining from that which Allâh has prohibited. 2. Îmân is based on two pillars, yaqîn (conviction) and patience, which are referred to in the following ayah: "And We appointed, from among them, leaders, giving guidance under Our command, so long as they persevered with patience and continued to have faith in Our Signs" (as-Sajdah 32:34). It is through faith that we know the reality of Allâh's commands and prohibitions, or reward and punishment, and it is through

patience that we carry out His instructions and abstain from that which He has prohibited. A person can never come to believe in Allâh's commands and prohibitions, and in reward and punishment, and it is through patience that we carry out His instructions and abstain from that which He has prohibited, and in reward and punishment, except through faith, and that is truly from Allâh. And we can never carry out Allâh's instructions and abstain from that which He has prohibited except through patience. Therefore patience is half of îmân, and the other half is gratitude.