Part 113

Salah ad-Deen appointed deputy in Alexandria 564 AH: Noor ad-Deen Zangi's third campaign against Egypt resulting in control of Egypt by Noor ad-Deen. Salah ad-Deen becomes vizier in Cairo 565 AH: The siege of Damietta — Franks besiege the city and Salah ad-Deen defends it ending in the defeat of the Franks. 567 AH: The death of the Fatimid ruler of Egypt, al-'Adid Abolishment of the Shiite Fatimid Caliphate Salah ad-Deen becomes ruler of Egypt Revival of Abbasid caliphate by Salah ad-Deen 568 AH: The death of Najm ad-Deen Ayub, Salah ad-Deen's father 569 AH: The death of Noor ad-Deen Zangi Salah ad-Deen conquers Yemen 570 AH: The Ayubid state begins First Shiite attempt to assassinate Salah ad-Deen 570572 AH: Crusader raids against Salah ad-Deen's posssession 571 AH: Peace deal between Salah ad-Deen and the Crusaders. Salah ad-Deen's annexation of Damascus. Second Shiite attempt to assassinate Salah ad-Deen 573 AH: Battle of ar-Ramlah — Salah ad-Deen was defeated by Reynald de Chatillon. 575 AH: The death of the Abbasid caliph al-Mustadi bi AmrIllah The Battle of Tell al-Qadi — Victory by Salah adDeen over Raymond III and Baldwin IV. Truce between Salah ad-Deen and Baldwin IV calling for 2 years of peace 576 AH: The death of the scholar Hafidh Abul-Tahir as-Salafi al-Asbahani Salah ad-Deen enters Armenia 577 AH: The death of al-Malik as-Salih, the son of Noor adDeen Zangi 578 AH: Andronikos Komnenos becomes emperor of Byzantine state 579 AH: Salah ad-Deen's annexation of Aleppo 581 AH: Salah ad-Deen's annexation of Mosul Isaac Angelos becomes emperor of Byzantine state upon Komnenos' deposition and death 582 AH: Astrologers foretold that the world would end this year. The death of Baldwin V, which led to internal conflict between princes for the throne of Jerusalem Reynald de Chatillon breaks truce with Salah ad-Deen 583 AH: The Battle of Hattin — Salah ad-Deen's decisive victory over the Crusaders in which the King of Jerusalem, Guy de Lusignan was captured as well as Reynald de Chatillon, who was beheaded for his treachery -The Battle of Sephoria — Huge losses for the Crusaders dealt by Salah ad-Deen -The Liberation of Jerusalem by Salah ad-Deen -The siege of Tyre — Salah ad-Deen besieged the city but the King, Conrad de Montferrat, had fortifications and would not surrender, resulting in Salah ad-Deen lifting the siege. 585 AH: The death of 'Abd-Allah Ibn Abi 'Asroon, scholar judge under Salah ad-Deen. Beginning of the third crusade as a result of the loss at Hattin and the loss of Jerusalem Germans enter Armenia 586 AH: Death of German Emperor, Fredrick Barbarossa, resulting in the fleeing of the Germans Crusaders besiege Acre 587 AH: The fall of Acre to the kings of England and France, Richard the Lionhearted and Philip Augustus. The Battle of Arsuf — Between Richard the Lionhearted and Salah ad-Deen resulting in victory for Salah ad-Deen The Destruction of Ascalon by Salah ad-Deen so that the Crusaders could not take it 588 AH: The Battle of Jaffa — Salah ad-Deen attacked Jaffa, the headquarters of the Crusaders, when Richard the Lionheart was absent. The Muslims took the city and the Crusaders had to seek a peace deal. The Treaty of ar-Ramlah — Between Richard the Lionheart and Salah ad-Deen; Richard leaves the Middle East for England. 589 AH: The death of Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi 596 AH: The death of Qadi al-Fadil (Abu 'Ali 'Abd ar-Raheem al-'Asqallani), trusted advisor to Salah ad-Deen Appendix B Dynasties Mentioned in Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi Muslims Abbasid Caliphate — This dynasty traces its genealogy to al-Abbas, the son of Abd al-Muttalib. Al-Abbas was the brother of 'Abd-Allah, father of the Muhammad (SAAW). It ruled much of the Arabian Peninsula and had its territory expanded under Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi's leadership. Salah ad-Deen pledged allegiance to the caliph al-Mustadi and upon his death, his son, the caliph Abul-'Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Mustadi, also known as an-Nasir li Deen-Illah. Shiite Fatimid Caliphate — This dynasty began with 'Ubayd-Allah al-Mahdi. He claims descent from 'Ali and Fatimah, the cousin and daughter respectively of the Muhammad (SAAW). The last ruler of this dynasty was al-'Adid, who was succeeded by Salah ad-Deen as the ruler of Egypt. The Great Seljuk Empire — This Empire of Seljuk Turks was divided into the Sultanate of Rum (Anatolia), the Sultanate of Syria, and the Sultanates of Kerman (Southern Persia) and Hamadan (Western Persia). Sulayman ibn Kutalmish established the Sultanate of Rum. He was a distant cousin of Malikshah, the son of Alp Arslan, the first of the sultans of the entire Seljuk state. Sulayman's son, Kilij Arslan I, became the Sultan of Rum upon his father's death. Kilij Arslan fought the French and Germans in the first crusade. His brother, Malikshah succeeded him. Malikshah was succeeded by Rukn ad-Deen Mas'ood, Kilij Arslan's son, who defeated the Germans in the second crusade. Tzz ad-Deen Kilij Arslan II became sultan after his father Mas'ood. Kilij Arslan II fought the Byzantine army led by Manuel Komnenos during the second crusade and achieved a decisive victory. He also had conflicts with Salah ad-Deen over territory. Zangid Dynasty — This dynasty branched from the Seljuk Turk dynasty. It reached its extent under Noor ad-Deen Zangi. His father was Imad ad-Deen Zangi, the regent of Aleppo and Mosul, and one of the great military leaders of the Seljuk Turks. Noor ad-Deen's brother was Saif ad-Deen Ghazi.