Part 29

But when healthy he is energetic and has hope of remaining for a long time, and this may lead him to be exuberant and carefree, so fear should predominate in order to be safe from that. It is also said that the earnest hope and fear should be equal so that his hope does not lead him to feel safe from Allaah, and his fear does not cause him to despair of Allaah's mercy, since both of these are evil and cause a person's destruction. The evidence for awe/dread (al-khashyah) is the Saying of Allaah, the Most High: "So do not have awe of them, but have awe of Me” [77] [surah al-Maa'idah (5):3]. ________________________________________________________ Awe {al-khashyah) is fear founded upon knowledge of the greatness of the One whom he fears, and the complete and perfect Sovereignty and Dominion that is His, since Allaah, the Most High, says, "Only those who have knowledge will truly have awe of Allaah." [surah Faatir (35):28] Meaning those who know of His greatness and perfect Sovereignty. It is something more particular than fear, and the difference between it and fear will become clear by giving an example: If you fear someone, but you do not know whether he is able to catch you or not, then this is fear (khawf). But when you fear someone and know that he is fully able to seize hold of you then that is fear/dread (khashyah). With regard to speech about the rulings for each class of fear/dread, then it is the same as for what has already been said with regard to reverential fear (khawf). And the evidence for turning repentantly (al-inaabah) is the Saying of Allaah, the Most High: "So turn, O you people, repentantly and obediently to your Lord, and submit obediently to Him" [78] [surah az-Zumar (39):54]. ________________________________________________________ Al-Inaabah is to turn to Allaah, the Most High, in obedience, and avoiding disobedience to Him, and its meaning is close to that of repentance (tawbah), except that it is more subtle in meaning, and conveys the sense of dependance upon Allaah and fleeing for refuge to Him, and it cannot be except for Allaah, the Most High. Its evidence is the Saying of Allaah, the Most High, "So turn, O you people, repentantly and obediently to your Lord, and submit obediently to Him" [surah az-Zumar (39):54] What is meant by the Saying of Allaah, the Most High, "...submit obediently to Him" is: Islaam as prescribed and required of us in the Sharee'ah and that is to submit to the laws and commandments of Allaah. This is because submission to Allaah, the Most High, is of two types: (i) Submission of all the creation, which is to submit to whatever He has decreed should exist and occur in the creation about which the creation has no choice. So this is general and covers everyone in the heavens and the earth, the Believers and the unbelievers, the righteous and the wicked. No one can possibly disdain and depart from this. The evidence for it is the Saying of Allaah, the Most High, "And to Him everyone in the heavens and the earth submit, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him you will all be returned." [surah Aal-'Imraan (3):83] (ii) Submission to the laws and prescriptions of Islaam, and this is to submit in obedience. This is particular to those who are obedient to Allaah, the Messengers and those who follow them upon good. The evidences for this in the Qur'aan are many, and from them is the Aayah mentioned by the author [surah az-Zumar (39): 5] The evidence for appealing for aid and assistance (al-isti'aanah) is the Saying of Allaah, the Most High: "O Allaah You alone we worship, and to You alone we appeal for aid" [surah al-Faatihah (1):5] and in the hadith there occurs: "If you seek help, then seek the help of Allaah.” [79] [Reported by at-Tirmidhee and declared sahih by Shaykh al-Albaanee in al-Mishkaat (no.5302)] ________________________________________________________ Al-istVaanah is to appeal for assistance, and it is of various types: (i) Appealing for aid and assistance from Allaah - this is an appeal for aid and assistance that comprises complete humility of the servant before his Lord, and to submit and entrust the affair to Him, and to be certain that He is fully sufficient for him. This is not to be except for Allaah, the Most High, alone, and the evidence is the Saying of Allaah, the Most High, "O Allaah You alone we worship, and to You alone we appeal for aid." [surah al-Faatihah (1):5] The fact that this is to be for Allaah, the Most High, alone is shown by the fact that He mentions the word upon which the verb acts before the verb itself, and according to the principles of grammar of the Arabic language, in which the Qur'aan came down, bringing forward that which usually comes afterwards indicates restriction and particularisation. So directing this type to other than Allaah, the Most High, is shirk which takes a person out of the Religion. (ii) Seeking the help of a person from the creation, in something which he is capable of helping in. Then this will be in accordance with the action in which help is sought.