Founding of Cairo by the Fatimids

The Fatimid general Jawhar al-Siqilli conquered Egypt and founded the city of al-Qahirah (Cairo) as the new capital of the Fatimid Caliphate. The city was planned as a royal enclave and administrative center. The Fatimids later founded al-Azhar mosque and university there, which became one of the greatest centers of Islamic learning in history.