al-Zahrawi

Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn Abbas al-Zahrawi al-Ansari (c. 936-1013 CE / 324-404H), known in Europe as Abulcasis, was the greatest surgeon of the medieval world and is often called the Father of Modern Surgery. Born near Cordoba in al-Andalus, he spent his career there. His encyclopedic medical work al-Tasrif liman Ajiza an al-Ta'lif contains the first illustrated surgical manual in history, describing and illustrating over 200 surgical instruments — many of his own invention — and pioneering techniques in wound management, obstetrics, and dental surgery. European surgeons relied on al-Tasrif as their primary surgical reference until the 16th century.