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... ring inscribed 'Muhammad Rasul Allah.' Recipients included Heraclius of Byzantium, Khosrow Parviz of Persia, the Negus of Abyssi...
...fighters marched. At Tabuk, no Byzantine army was waiting. Heraclius had either called off the campaign or the intelligence had ...
...ld history, deciding the fate of the entire Levant. Emperor Heraclius sent a massive Byzantine army of 100,000–150,000 soldiers t...
...ding Byzantine control of the Levant. The Byzantine Emperor Heraclius assembled a massive force, variously estimated at 80,000 to...
The conquest of Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a major Byzantine administrative centre, marked a turning point in th