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.... Also called the creed of the Ahl al-Hadith. Championed by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and later by Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayy...
...r Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), founded by Imam Abu Hanifa (699–767 CE) in Kufa, Iraq. Known for its extens...
...of the four major Sunni schools of jurisprudence founded by Imam Malik ibn Anas (711–795 CE) in Medina. Distinctive for its ...
...of the four major Sunni schools of jurisprudence founded by Imam al-Shafi'i (767–820 CE). Imam al-Shafi'i is widely regarded...
...f the four major Sunni schools of jurisprudence, founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE). Known for strict adherence t...
...ahm was influenced by Indian and Greek philosophical ideas. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal wrote extensively against the Jahmiyyah.
... doctrine as state creed in the Mihna (833 CE), under which Imam Ahmad was tortured.
...ical heresy of rejecting the Sunnah, which was addressed by Imam al-Shafi'i in his al-Risalah (c. 820 CE). Emerged in South ...
...ion of Ali ibn Abi Talib (661 CE / 40 AH) and hold that the Imamate should have passed through the lineage of Ali and Fatima...
...udence. They do not believe in the infallibility (ismah) of Imams, do not invoke dead Imams, and accept the first three cali...
The largest Shia group, following twelve Imams from Ali ibn Abi Talib to Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth I...
... attributes (infallibility, knowledge of the unseen) to the Imams — including invoking them in du'a after death.
...ream Twelvers by following Ismail ibn Ja'far as the seventh Imam rather than his brother Musa al-Kadhim. Developed highly es...
...sayr (d. circa 868 CE), a disciple of the 10th Twelver Shia Imam al-Hadi. The Alawites venerate Ali ibn Abi Talib as a divin...