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...lume medical encyclopedia that introduced over 200 surgical instruments.
... advanced the science of the heavens, from observatories to instruments, motivated by the needs of worship.
The scholarly positions on the permissibility of music and singing in Islamic law, from strict prohibition to conditional permission.
...es maysir, its harms, and its relevance to modern financial instruments.
...currencies, retirement accounts, and other modern financial instruments that classical texts did not address.