77 results for “khalifah”
Clear filter...not know.'" This verse establishes Adam's role as the first khalifah — a vicegerent entrusted with inhabiting and tending the ea...
...y becoming the governor of al-Mada'in (Ctesiphon) under the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه. He died in approxim...
... of apostasy in northern Arabia and proved that the nascent caliphate under Abu Bakr would not allow the unravelling of the Is...
...render the city but insisted the keys be handed only to the Caliph himself. Umar ibn al-Khattab made the journey personally fr...
...centre of Islamic learning, the seat of Ali ibn Abi Talib's caliphate, and later a home to major juristic and theological scho...
...a shura council of six senior companions to choose the next caliph. Umar's decade of rule had transformed the Muslim world: he...
...emanding justice for the blood of Uthman and opposing Ali's caliphate. Ali had marched from Medina to Kufa and then toward Bas...
...rcy and moderation. His death ended the era of the Rashidun Caliphs, all four of whom had been close companions of the Prophet...
...his son Hasan ibn Ali was given the pledge of allegiance as caliph by the people of Iraq. However, Muawiyah marched with the S...
...i Talib in 40 AH, his son Hasan ibn Ali briefly assumed the caliphate. Facing the military might of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan — ...
...nternal crisis. Yazid's young son Muawiyah II renounced the caliphate after only a few weeks, leaving a power vacuum. The Qays...
... in Jerusalem was completed in 72 AH under the patronage of Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, making it one of the oldest extant...
Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r. 65–86 AH) undertook a sweeping ...
...all bounds. His appointment as governor of Iraq in 75 AH by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan came at a critical juncture: Iraq w...
... military effort to take the Byzantine capital, launched by Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and commanded by his brother Masl...
...population. Ibn al-Qasim was later recalled and executed by Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik as part of a purge of al-Hajjaj's...
The accession of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz to the caliphate in 99 AH represented a striking departure from Umayyad n...
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's short caliphate of two and a half years (99–101 AH) was distinguished by...
...enty-year reign (105–125 AH) was the longest of any Umayyad caliph and represented both the administrative peak and the beginn...
... history, toppling the Umayyad dynasty and transferring the caliphate to the Abbasid family, descendants of the Prophet's uncl...
...q, was the final military confrontation between the Umayyad Caliphate and the Abbasid revolutionary forces. The last Umayyad c...
...ted to the legend of Roland). He never claimed the title of caliph, ruling as emir while recognizing no superior. He built the...
The easternmost provinces of the Umayyad Caliphate — collectively known as Khurasan, encompassing the regio...
In 132 AH, the Abbasid revolution overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate, as Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah was proclaimed the first Abba...
In 145 AH, the Abbasid caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur founded Madinat al-Salam — the City of...
...ed as the zenith of Abbasid power and prosperity. Under his caliphate, Baghdad flourished as the world's greatest city, and th...
...nstitution of the medieval world, reaching its height under Caliph al-Mamun in the early 9th century CE. Translators, mathemat...
Caliph al-Mamun (198–218 AH) presided over the most intense phase ...
... the gravest deviations in Abbasid history, initiated under Caliph al-Mamun around 218 AH and continuing under al-Mu'tasim and...
Caliph al-Mutawakkil (232–247 AH) ended the Mihna and restored Ahl...
...rd century AH, these commanders had effectively reduced the caliphs to figureheads, deposing and installing caliphs at will. T...
... region — entered Baghdad and seized control of the Abbasid caliphate, leaving the Sunni caliph as a ceremonial figurehead. Th...
...over a century of Shia political dominance over the Abbasid caliphate. The Abbasid caliph al-Qa'im granted Toghril the title '...
...enturies to come. Though born after the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, his life and work were shaped entirely by the catastrop...
...ring hundreds of thousands of its inhabitants and executing Caliph al-Musta'sim. The Tigris River ran black with the ink of de...
...r of the Abbasid family to Cairo, where he was installed as caliph in 659 AH. This Cairo-based Abbasid caliphate was largely c...
During the reign of Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid Caliphate maintained significant naval power in the Mediterranean ...
...tutions. After Salah al-Din (Saladin) overthrew the Fatimid caliphate in 567 AH, he transformed al-Azhar into a Sunni institut...
...ce to the Muslims — an arrangement that continued until the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab. The conquest secured the norther...
...onius insisted that he would only surrender the keys to the Caliph himself, so Umar ibn al-Khattab travelled from Medina to ac...
...thdrew by sea. Amr entered the city peacefully and wrote to Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab describing its vastness: 'I have taken ...
...ursue the killers of Uthman before they would recognise his caliphate. The battle gets its name from the camel upon which Aish...
...gement of the First Fitna, fought between the forces of the Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the Syrian governor Muawiyah ibn Abi ...
...agement that ended Umayyad rule and established the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasid revolution had originated in Khurasan, expl...
...c events in Islamic history, bringing to an end the Abbasid Caliphate which had been the symbolic centre of Sunni Islam for fi...
...f guardians of the Two Holy Mosques and the prestige of the caliphate.
...subsequent conquest of the Levant. It took place during the caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, who died just before news of the ...
...campaigns northward and remained the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate for nearly a century.
...the country. Amr ibn al-As had entered Egypt in 639 CE with Caliph Umar's reluctant permission, his original force of only abo...
...(Battle of the Pass), was a decisive defeat for the Almohad Caliphate that permanently shifted the balance of power in the Ibe...
... the Caucasus became a long-term adversary of the expanding caliphate, eventually defeating the Muslims in later campaigns. Th...
Umar's decade as caliph saw the greatest territorial expansion in Islamic history. ...
Patriarch Sophronius surrendered Jerusalem to Caliph Umar personally. Umar entered humbly, wearing patched cloth...
Uthman expanded the Islamic empire to its greatest extent under the Rashidun, conquered Armenia and parts of North Africa, and built the first Muslim navy. His
Caliph Uthman ibn Affan ordered the compilation of an official sta...
During the caliphate of Uthman, a diplomatic mission reportedly reached China...
Ali's caliphate was marked by the first civil war (fitna) in Islam. The ...
A major battle between the forces of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan over the kill...
Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rightly-Guided Caliph, was struck by the poisoned sword of the Kharijite Abd ar-R...
Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan established the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus after the death of Ali. The Umayyads expanded Islam from Spain to Central Asia, built the Do
Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan completed the Dome of the Rock on t...
The Al-Aqsa Mosque was built by the Umayyad caliphs on the southern end of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, near...
Caliph al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik completed the Great Mosque of Dam...
Often called the fifth Rightly Guided Caliph. He reversed Umayyad excesses, stopped the cursing of Ali f...
The Abbasid movement overthrew the Umayyad caliphate, establishing a new dynasty that moved the capital to Ba...
Caliph al-Mansur built Baghdad as the new Abbasid capital, calling...
Caliph al-Ma'mun expanded the Bayt al-Hikmah into a major intellec...
Caliph al-Ma'mun imposed the Mu'tazili doctrine that the Quran was...
The Fatimid dynasty, an Ismaili Shia caliphate, was established in North Africa before conquering Egypt...
...tured Baghdad and became the de facto rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasid caliph was reduced to a ceremonial figurehe...
...ity of al-Qahirah (Cairo) as the new capital of the Fatimid Caliphate. The city was planned as a royal enclave and administrat...
...Beg entered Baghdad and ended Buwayhid control. The Abbasid caliph granted Tughril the title 'Sultan' and 'King of the East an...
...d al-Mu'min unified the Maghreb and established the Almohad Caliphate.
...adin founded the Ayyubid dynasty after deposing the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt. The Ayyubids restored Sunni governance and suc...
Hulagu Khan's Mongol army sacked Baghdad, killing Caliph al-Musta'sim and an estimated hundreds of thousands of peop...
The Fulani scholar Uthman dan Fodio established the Sokoto Caliphate in West Africa, the largest state on the continent. His ...
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk abolished the Ottoman Caliphate, sending the last caliph Abdulmejid II into exile. This ...