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...during persecution, torture of his followers, boycotts, and loss. He then migrated to Medina (the Hijrah), which marks the b...
...resented in the Islamic tradition as a mere hardship to be glossed over — it is understood as part of a divine arrangement. ...
...d against resistance from Arab settlers who feared economic losses. The loss of ideological legitimacy in Khurasan — the emp...
...0 companions who had memorised the Quran. This catastrophic loss of Quran memorisers prompted Abu Bakr to commission the fir...
...by a series of reversals in subsequent years, including the loss of Hungary. The Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) formalised Ottom...
...afi had been killed, and the Muslim army had suffered heavy losses crossing the Euphrates against Sasanid forces equipped wi...
...r in the Toplica region. The Ottomans suffered considerable losses and were forced to withdraw. The victory temporarily boos...
...annihilated, with the Arab Christian allies suffering heavy losses as well. This was one of Khalid's tactical masterpieces a...
After the heavy loss of Quran memorizers at Yamama, Umar convinced Abu Bakr to c...
...Jordan, capturing East Jerusalem and al-Masjid al-Aqsa. The loss of Jerusalem was a profound shock to the Muslim world.