Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)

Muhammad ibn Abdullah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the Seal of the Prophets, is the final messenger sent by Allah to all of humanity and jinn until the Day of Judgment. His prophethood is the culmination of the entire prophetic chain stretching from Adam through all the prophets of Banu Isra'il and the Arab prophets — the completion of the religion of tawhid that began with the first human being. Muhammad ﷺ was born in Mecca around 570 CE, in the Year of the Elephant, into the noble clan of the Banu Hashim of the Quraysh. His father Abdullah died before his birth, and his mother Aminah died when he was six years old. He was raised by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib and then by his uncle Abu Talib. In a society marked by idolatry, tribalism, injustice, and ignorance, the young Muhammad ﷺ was known as Al-Amin — the Trustworthy — for his honesty and character. At the age of forty, while engaged in spiritual retreat in the Cave of Hira, the first revelation descended: "Read in the name of your Lord who created — Created man from a clinging substance. Read, and your Lord is the most Generous — Who taught by the pen — Taught man that which he knew not" (Surah Al-Alaq 96:1–5). The prophethood had begun. Over the next twenty-three years, the Quran was revealed to him in stages — a complete way of life addressing every dimension of human existence. The Prophet ﷺ spent thirteen years in Mecca calling to tawhid, enduring persecution, torture of his followers, boycotts, and loss. He then migrated to Medina (the Hijrah), which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina he established the first Muslim community — a model of governance, brotherhood, and justice unlike anything the world had seen. In the remaining ten years of his life, Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsula, the Quran was completed and preserved, and over one hundred thousand Companions gathered for the Farewell Hajj. Allah describes him in the Quran (Surah Al-Anbiya 21:107): "And We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds." The Prophet ﷺ said: "I was sent to perfect noble character." His Sunnah — his words, actions, and tacit approvals — forms the second source of Islamic law alongside the Quran and is preserved in the great hadith collections. He died in Medina in 11 AH / 632 CE at the age of sixty-three, having fulfilled his trust completely.