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The creed of accepting the apparent meaning of Quran and Sunnah regarding divine attributes without ta'wil (metaphorical interpretation), takyeef (asking how),
...i. Prioritized rational philosophy (kalam) over transmitted text (naql) in matters of theology. Most notably held that the Q...
...stream Twelver doctrine — as found in the primary religious texts (al-Kafi) — includes beliefs that Ahl us-Sunnah scholars c...
...ighly esoteric (batini) doctrines, holding that all Quranic texts have a hidden inner meaning (batin) that supersedes the li...
...al current with significant presence in Western academic contexts.
...eo-Platonism, and ancient Syrian religions. Their religious texts are kept secret from outsiders and even from lay Alawites....