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History Al-Andalus — Islamic Spain

Eight centuries of Muslim rule in Iberia: Cordoba, convivencia, architecture, scholarship, and the Reconquista.

History Al-Andalus: Muslim Spain and Its Legacy

The rise, flourishing, and fall of Islamic civilization on the Iberian Peninsula, spanning nearly 800 years of cultural exchange.

History The Umayyad Caliphate: Expansion and Achievements

The Umayyad dynasty's role in spreading Islam from Spain to Central Asia and its contributions to architecture, admi...

History The Reconquista and the Fall of Granada

...uest of the Iberian Peninsula and the end of Muslim rule in Spain in 1492 CE.

History The Umayyad Caliphate: Expansion and Administration

...t hereditary Islamic dynasty that expanded Muslim rule from Spain to Central Asia and established Arabic as the language of g...

History The Caliphate of Cordoba: A Center of Learning

The intellectual flourishing of Muslim Spain, the Great Mosque of Cordoba, the library of al-Hakam II, a...