Al-Furuq (Anwar al-Buruq fi Anwa' al-Furuq)

الفروق (أنوار البروق في أنواء الفروق)

By Shihab ad-Din al-Qarafi 684h (1285 CE) 4 volumes

A groundbreaking work that identifies 548 distinctions (furuq) between apparently similar legal concepts. Al-Qarafi shows that superficially similar cases may have different rulings due to subtle legal differences. This work revolutionized legal thinking and is essential for understanding the precision of Islamic jurisprudence.