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Professor of Islamic Jurisprudence, Member of the Board of Senior Ulema & Member of the Permanent Committee for Fatwa and Research

In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful

Professor of Islamic Jurisprudence, Member of the Board of Senior Ulema & Member of the Permanent Committee for Fatwa and Research

Translated by Al-Arabia for Information Technology, Cairo. 49th Noobar St., Bab Al-Logq, 2nd Floor, City Mall Building. Tel: +202 7949370 Fax: +202 7962730 Published by Al-Maiman Publishing House, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. P.O.B; 90020 Riyadh 11613 Riyadh: Tel: + 966 | 4627336 - 4645594 - 4645581 - 4026194 Fax; + 966 1 4612163 ~ 2800587

‘To arrange bulk purchase discounts or book distributors outside Saudi Arabia, please contact Al-Maiman Publishing House at the above address. For information on translated books, please contact Al-Arabia at the above address or [email protected].

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

In the Name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful

ix Acknowledgement xi Translator’s Preface xiii Introduction 1 I: PURIFICATION Chapter 1 Purification and Watel.........scssessssecesssesssescesses 9 Chapter 2 Disbelievers’ Pots and Clothes .......secseeeee 15 Chapter 3 Things Ritual Impurity Prohibits Doing.......... 19 Chapter 4 Etiquette of Answering Call of Nature............... 25 Chapter 5 Siwak and Acts of Natural Disposition.............. 29 Chapter 6 ADIUtION...eecsssssssccccssseesssveessneessnesssseessneessssesseseeeee 35 Chapter 7 Way of Performing Ablution............sssssscsesseeees: 41 Chapter 8 Wiping over the Khuffs o.oo... esssescsseesseressneeesses 47 Chapter 9 Things Nullifying Ablution............secssesssesesseees 53 Chapter 10 Ritual Bathing 59 Chapter 11 Tayammum (Dry Ablution)............cseseseeeeseses 63 Chapter 12 Removal of IMpurrty........c.sccsosesecsseesensesesesseesesaes 69

II: PRAYER Chapter 1 Obligation of the Five Prayers... 87 Chapter 2 Prayer Call (Adhan) and Immediate Prayer

Call (Iqdmmaht)........cssssssssssssscccsnsesescccssuesescesnsnensene 93 Chapter 3 Prayer Conditions.......ssssssvsrssesssssseeccennennseesnvees 97 Chapter 4 Etiquette of Heading for Mosque........sssssssssee 113 Chapter 5 Prayer: Integral Parts, Obligatory Practices and

Acts of the Summa ......ssscsscsseessssnesesnseessnrsressaneesene 119 Chapter 6 Manner Of Prayet.....sossssssssssesssssssssessrecressennesrsreoaee 129 Chapter 7 Prayer: Detestable Acts .......ssssssssssesssersessssssseeaes 135 Chapter 8 Prayer: Desirable and Permissible Acts... 139 Chapter 9 Prostration of Forgetfulness. 143 Chapter 10 Dhikr (Remembrance of Allah) Following Prayer. 149 Chapter 11 Voluntary Prayer. peertrereereers 157 Chapter 12 Witr Prayer.. 159 Chapter 13 Tardwih Prayet.....ssrssse : 163 Chapter 14 Sunnah Ratibah: Prayers Performed along with

Obligatory Prayers.....sssscssssssessssssessssenssssensenssrsees 167 Chapter 15 Duha (Forenoon) Prayer.....sssressescsetssetesseeneenees 173 Chapter 16 Prostration Of Recitation.....csssssecssesecssreseesseesneee 175 Chapter 17 Non-regular Supererogatory PrayeF.......sssssss0+ 179 Chapter 18 Times When Prayer is Forbidden..........+1s0 185 Chapter 19 Congregational Prayet.......-sssvesssesssseeesees 189 Chapter 20 The Latecomer to Congregational Prayer. 203 Chapter 21 Women’s Attendance in Mosque... 209 Chapter 22 Imamate (in Prayer).......sssercsessrseernsesnssesnssecnscessees 215 Chapter 23 Invalid Imamate .....sssssscssccssssessrveccerereserssenseaneeeane 221 Chapter 24 Duties of the InmAm...........c.sccssonssssersrsssesesesseconenes 227

Ill: ZAKAH Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9

IV: FASTING Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Vv: HAJJ Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4

Prayer of Those Having Legal Excuses... 233 Jumu'ah (Friday) Prayet......ssssesssesssesseeseeensees 247 Two Feasts (* Eds) Prayer ....esscscsssssescscssseteseeeecee 265 Eclipse Prayer, ........cscssesscsssasssossapassesoqenspsvensovesossens 281 atl 1) Ear ak yee geceenerenseterterertmeresereem essere renee eee 287 Death and Burial.......ssssssessssssssessssesesseesssseessseee 293 Zakah: Legality and Virtue.........scscsssossecsssseereees 319 Zakah: Grazing Animals and Livestock............. 325 Zakah: Grains, Fruits, Honey, Minerals and Rikaz..... 335 Zakah: Gold and Silver.........e.sccesseseseresreseeseeesees 341 Zakah: Trade Goods.....ecssesssesssessessesseeeseessaeesses 347 Zakatul-Fitr (Fast-breaking Zakah).............000 351 Giving ZakAb.....secsssecssesssesseeseeessesseenssatessaeess 357 Entitled Recipients of [email protected] 361 Desirable Charity......sssssssssesssesssesssecsescaesaneesneees 369 Fasting Ramadan: Obligation and Timing........ 375 Beginning and End of a Fasting Day... 381 Things Nullifying Fasting... 387 Making up for Missed Days of Ramadan.......... 391 Breaking the Fast: Illness or Old Age... 395 The Obligation of Hajj (Pilgrimage).............0 403 Women’s Hajj & Performing Iton Someone’ Behalf... 411 Virtues of Hajj and Its Preparations................... 415 Migats Of Hajj....ssssesssesseeesseresseeeseessesenessneenuessaeeene 417

Chapter 5 How to Assume Thram.......cccccecessessssesessecescecesereee 421 Chapter 6 Acts Prohibited during IQram.......ssssssseessseees 427 Chapter 7 Rites of Tarwiyah and ‘Arafah Days... 437 Chapter 8 Acts on Muzdalifah and Mina .........sssssssssersveess 443 Chapter 9 Days of Tashrig and Farewell Tawaf.........00. 453 Chapter 10 Sacrificial Animals (Hady and Udhiyah).......... 459 Chapter 11 ‘Agqiqah (Sacrificial Animal for the Newborn)....... 463 VI: JIHAD

Chapter 1 Jihad (Fighting in the Cause of Allah)...........0 471 APPENDICES

(GOSS: ccsceserecesvereocst soccassuevonextceroveererrevecscts recorsewtcavecesseeerecteoesese TOL Name Indlex.....-cccsresssssseesencnsessnsnsenonencnseneatncorensensscnreesancenpesenanenae 489 Subject Index......sssessssseserersssssssesnesesssesssrsnseesseeesssstesssseeeeteeeene 493 Quranic Verse IndeX........ssccsssseseee Berentenserteee comme SCS ELeecitin) bike x errsreerctrecessvetescesstsreesseevoeetessereetsseeretcerestitesesreererte tres 503 Transliteration System...........0+ eoesenene coor Ee

and various issues in Creed, Jurisprudence and Islamic Sciences by authors who have expert knowledge in their fields, It targets both the Muslims and the non-Muslims in the west as well as those who study Islamic Sciences in English in Arab countries. It also targets those who are engaged in propagating Islam in the West.

1. Concise Commentary on the Book of Tawhid: Sheikh professor Salih Al-Fawzan

2. A Summary of Islamic Jurisprudence (Volume one): Sheikh professor Salih Al-Fawzan

3. A Summary of Islamic Jurisprudence (Volume two): Sheikh professor Salih Al-Fawzan

5. A Brief Account of the Prophet Biography: Sheikh Muhammad Ibn ‘ Abdul-Wahhab

7. The Way of the Travelers: An Explanatory Book on Islamic Jurisprudence: Sheikh ‘Abdur-Rahman As-Sa' di

8. Exonerating the Great Imams from Blame: Imam Ibn Taymiyah 9. Universality of Islam: Imam Ibn Taymiyah 10. Ibn Taymiyah’s Collection of Fatwas (Volumes 21 & 22 & 23)

MAIN EDITORS NATIVE EDITOR * Dr, Attia Es-Sayyed Attia * Umm Abdullah

* Dr. Muhammad Yahya * Dr. Fahad M. Al-Malik, KFSC, Saudi Arabia

REVISERS CONTRIBUTING TRANSLATORS = Mahmoud Fouly Muhammad * Muhammad Abdul-Moneim Ali * Bahaa El-Din Ibrahim * Hani Mahmoud Abdul-Fattah DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SHAR'TAND ARABIC CONSULTANTS = Graphic Designer: Muhammad Salih * Sheikh Hatem Amin Ali * Layout: Mokhtar ‘Ilwany * Hamada Ebeid Ahmed

Sheikh Salih Al-Fawzan (born in 1935) has obtained a PhD in Islamic Jurisprudence and has a long history in teaching jurisprudence.

He is a member of many academic institutions including the Board of Senior Ulema, the Permanent Committee for Fatwa and Research, the Islamic Academy of Muslim World League, the Committee of Supervising Du’ ah, and many other scholastic bodies.

He has written more than sixty published works covering Muslim Creed, Islamic Jurisprudence and Muslim’s Conduct.

All praise and thanks are due to Allah, our Lord Who facilitated translating and completing this invaluable book. In the course of translating this invaluable book into English, we find ourselves indebted to more people than we can possibly nominate here, without their help, this book would have never come to the light. At the outset, we deeply appreciate and thank sheikh professor Salih Al-Fawzan for giving us exclusive permission to translate and publish his books as well as his follow-up with the different stages of publishing the books. May Allah give him success in this Worldly Life and Hereafter.

We are pleased to have the opportunity to express our gratitude and profound thanks to Dr. Muhammad Mahméd Ghali, professor of Linguistics and the ex-dean of Faculty of Languages and Translation, Al-Azhar University, for the great help and moral support he rendered us when we started the process of translation.

We would also like to extend our gratitude and deep appreciation to Dr. Muhammad Muhammad Abé Layla, professor of Islamic Studies in English and Head of English Department, Faculty of Languages and Translation, for his penetrating advice and inspiration throughout the process of translation. Moreover, we are beholden to heartily thank Dr. Ahmad Zaki Hammad, professor of Islamic Studies in English, Faculty of Languages and Translation for providing us with invaluable suggestions and important insights on translation.

In addition, we extend our thanks to Dr. Muhammad Yahya, professor of Literary Criticism at Faculty of Arts, Cairo University, for his editorial assistance. Thanks are also due to Dr. ‘Attia Es-Sayyed ‘Attia, lecturer in ELT and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University for having professionally edited this work and others. His pertinent comments and valuable touches at the final stage of writing the book added much to the final version of the book. Finally yet importantly, we thank Umm Abdullah, the native editor, who exerted great efforts in editing the book, and with whose final touches she made it more appealing to the target audience.

This book is an English translation of sheikh professor Salih Al-Fawzan's (62a) (yadntt! “4 Summary of Islamic Jurisprudence’: Dar Al-‘ Asimah, 2001 (ISBN:3967/21), Our main aim in providing the English translation is propagating the true Da’ wah that derives from Allah’s Book and His Messenger's Sunnah. This is a duty that every Muslim should cherish. Allah says: “And let there be [arising] from you a nation inviting to [all that is] good, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and those will be the successful.” (Alu ‘Imran: 104), With this in mind, this translated work is, then, a humble response to our realization of a great responsibility to give the English speaking reader access to rich Islamic Jurisprudence Literature that simply focuses on the rules of jurisprudence and their proofs from the Qur'an, Sunnah and the practice of the Righteous Salaf in addition to the opinions of the scholars of jurisprudence on controversial issues as well as the proofs they quote in support of their opinions. In doing so, we have left no stone unturned to make sure that the final copy of a translated book meets a specific high quality standard that would convey the same meaning intended by the author and expressed in the original source text. In effect, we have tried to set a balance between the originality of thought and the nature of the style of language.

To attain this aim, our work (in this book and others) exhibits certain distinctive features, namely, the process of translation, the style, the attention paid to the sociolinguistic aspects (i.e., transliteration, glossary and endnotes). We touch upon these features in the following section.

Before reaching the publisher, our work goes through a developmental process to guarantee that the final version of the translated book is as perfect as can be,

In effect, this process commenc.es with the first-hand translation, which is done by some very carefully chosen translators who are native-speakers of Arabic and have a native-like command of the target language. The main principle that governs the translation process is that the translator is after integrity. With integrity as the main target, the translators would not be tempted to impose their own ideas on the text nor would they gloss over the difficult paragraphs instead of taking the trouble to find out what is really meant. Translators would do their best to convey both the content and spirit of the original.

The next step of the process is undertaken by a reviser who has a high profile in translating religious texts and is aware of the traps that one might fall into. In addition, he has a thorough religious background knowledge that enables him to detect any unintended error in conveying the meaning.

The revised version is then submitted to a picky editor who is well-versed in the target language and has substantial knowledge of Islamic Sciences.

Finally, the edited version is handed over to a native-speaker of English who is knowledgeable in Islamic Sciences to make sure that the translation is readable and meaningful to the target audience.

A natural outgrowth of the processes adopted in translation is the style the final version has come out in. The intended meaning of the author has been conveyed in a style that is authentic and as close to the original as possible, It really sounds authentic: So natural that the work does not read like a translation, but an indigenous piece of writing. The translation version is marked by remarkable variety and richness as well as tremendous skill at writing within formal religious genre. Moreover, attempts have been made to have it simple, clear and appealing to the target audience.

As a way to fill up the gap caused by sociolinguistic differences between the two languages (source language and target language), our work includes some additional features (i.e., transliteration, glossary and endnotes) that would guarantee better understanding of the concepts and ideas that might confuse the English speaking reader due to the lack of schemata in this field.

ATRANSLITERATION SYSTEM In the process of translation, we made a serious attempt to limit the use of

transliterated Arabic terms (see table in p. X) to the following two situations: i) There is no English expression that can reflect the same meaning as the original term. ii) The Arabic term is of such importance that it is essential to familiarize the reader with it.

B-GLOSSARY At the end of the book, we have included a glossary defining common

Arabic terms that fulfill the above criteria. Included in the glossary also are terms that need further explanation.

In the endnotes, we have given clear and concise explanations of the terms that are not clear or understandable to the target reader due to the sociolinguistic differences in addition to the commentaries written by the author himself. Furthermore, each hadith mentioned in the text of the book is ascribed in the endnotes to the book it is quoted from.

To facilitate the process of going through the book and save the reader's time, we have included two indices, namely, subject index and name index. So, if the reader is looking for specific information or a given name, s/he would go directly to the index to find the page number.

The Qur'an is Allah's exact words. These words can never ever be exactly translated into other languages because of, among other things, possible misinterpretations and limited human understanding. What is followed in the book is to translate the meanings as understood by Muslim scholars. We solely depended on the ‘Translation of the Meaning of the Qur'an’, translated by sahih International — Riyadh and published by Abulgasim Publishing House. When a verse is cited, the English interpretation is given between quotation marks “.,,”” in indented, bold, and italicized format. The location of the Qur'anic verse, the name of the surah is given below to the verse as it is illustrated in the example below:

“And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that there is no deity except Me, so worship Me.”

Similarly, when we cite a Aadff, we mention the book of Aadith it is quoted from in addition to its number in the book. Further, the translation of Prophetic Aadith is represented in an indented format, italicized and between quotation marks “...” as it is illustrated in the example below:

“Do not drink in gold or silver vessels nor eat in similar bowls (i.e. bowls made of gold or silver), for they belong to them (the disbelievers) in this world and to us in the Hereafter.”

All praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, the Seal of prophets, and upon his household, his Companions, and whoever follows their example with good conduct until the Day of Recompense.

To commence, this is a brief account of juristic issues, in which views are provided with proofs from the Sunnah (Prophetic Tradition) and the Quran. I have previously delivered the content of this book in the form of sermons broadcast on radio, and I have been repeatedly asked by the audience to redeliver them, and to publish them as a treatise, for the sake of continuous benefit, if Allah wills. In fact, I never intended this book to be published when it was under preparation, but in response to the wish of many people, I reviewed it, arranged its contents, and presented it to be published. And here it is now, gentle reader, between your hands; whatever correctness and benefit you find therein are out of the Grace of Allah, Alone, and whatever mistakes you find are mine, and I seek the forgiveness of Allah for them.

This treatise is an abstract of a book entitled Ar-Rawdul-Murbi’ fi Sharh Zédul-Mustaqni* including its footnotes, written by Sheikh ‘Abdur-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Qasim (may Allah have mercy on him), bearing in mind that I added some remarks, when necessary.

Task Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, to guide us all to useful knowledge and righteous deeds, May Allah confer peace and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his household, and his Companions.

All praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his household, his Companions, and whoever follows their example with good conduct until the Day of Recompense.

To commence, understanding the religion is considered one of the best deeds, and a sign of goodness. The Prophet (PBUH) says;