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...nslation and editing. Beyond specific textual changes, the general theological direction of the Gospel tradition was shaped no...
...aced Islam upon hearing the Quran — but they also reflect a general truth about the existence of sincere worshippers within cor...
...ntine garrison of Egypt, led by the Patriarch Cyrus and the general Theodore, was defeated decisively near ancient Heliopolis (...
...g in the complete pacification of the Maghrib under Umayyad generals. The fall of Carthage — the ancient Byzantine administrati...
...est of Sindh (in present-day Pakistan) by the young Umayyad general Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi in 93 AH opened the Indian...
...liph, Marwan II ibn Muhammad (r. 127–132 AH), was a capable general who had spent his reign fighting civil wars and attempting ...
...h his head bowed in humility, not in triumph. He declared a general amnesty for the population, famously asking what they expec...
...ich included war elephants and was commanded by the capable general Rustam Farrukhzad. The battle lasted three days, with the P...
The conquest of Sindh under the young Umayyad general Muhammad ibn Qasim, just seventeen years old at the time, b...
...ter being attacked by a Tang Chinese force under the Korean general Gao Xianzhi. The Abbasid force, recently victorious in over...
... in the Jezreel Valley, the Mamluk army under the brilliant general Baybars employed a feigned retreat to draw out and then enc...
The Battle of the Bridge was one of the few Muslim military defeats during the early conquests, fought in 13 AH / 634 CE. Following the transfer of Khalid ibn a
... founding Cairo in 969 CE. Despite being Shia, the Fatimids generally tolerated Sunni scholarship and built al-Azhar mosque (la...
The Fatimid general Jawhar al-Siqilli conquered Egypt and founded the city of a...
The Fatimid general Jawhar as-Siqilli founded al-Azhar mosque in Cairo, which e...
The Mamluk army under Sultan Qutuz and General Baybars defeated the Mongol army at Ain Jalut in Palestine....