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...ers at another gate were simultaneously negotiating a peace treaty with Abu Ubayda. Damascus was thus taken partly by force an...
...simple clothing, alternating the ride with his servant. His treaty with the inhabitants, known as the Covenant of Umar, guaran...
...igris. Hasan, seeking to end Muslim bloodshed, negotiated a treaty with Muawiyah under which he surrendered the caliphate in e...
... fragmented by treachery and low morale, Hasan negotiated a treaty with Muawiyah, abdicating the caliphate in exchange for saf...
...elled from it years earlier. After the Quraysh violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah by attacking a tribe allied with the Muslims...
...d not reconquer Jerusalem. The Third Crusade ended with the Treaty of Jaffa in 1192, which left Jerusalem in Muslim hands but ...
...had briefly been returned to Crusader control by diplomatic treaty — and then faced a large coalition of Crusaders and Syrian ...
...als in subsequent years, including the loss of Hungary. The Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) formalised Ottoman territorial losses a...
...ng the coast, the Crusaders failed to retake Jerusalem. The Treaty of Jaffa allowed Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem whi...