Hadith #64
Arabic Text
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْزَلَ { وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمْ الْكَافِرُونَ } وَ { أُولَئِكَ هُمْ الظَّالِمُونَ } وَ { أُولَئِكَ هُمْ الْفَاسِقُونَ } قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ فِي الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَكَانَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا قَدْ قَهَرَتْ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حَتَّى ارْتَضَوْا أَوْ اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَهُ الْعَزِيزَةُ مِنْ الذَّلِيلَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا وَكُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَهُ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنْ الْعَزِيزَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةُ وَسْقٍ فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَذَلَّتْ الطَّائِفَتَانِ كِلْتَاهُمَا لِمَقْدَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ وَلَمْ يُوطِئْهُمَا عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ فِي الصُّلْحِ فَقَتَلَتْ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنْ الْعَزِيزَةِ قَتِيلًا فَأَرْسَلَتْ الْعَزِيزَةُ إِلَى الذَّلِيلَةِ أَنْ ابْعَثُوا إِلَيْنَا بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ فَقَالَتْ الذَّلِيلَةُ وَهَلْ كَانَ هَذَا فِي حَيَّيْنِ قَطُّ دِينُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ وَنَسَبُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ وَبَلَدُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ دِيَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ بَعْضٍ إِنَّا إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاكُمْ هَذَا ضَيْمًا مِنْكُمْ لَنَا وَفَرَقًا مِنْكُمْ فَأَمَّا إِذْ قَدِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَلَا نُعْطِيكُمْ ذَلِكَ فَكَادَتْ الْحَرْبُ تَ
هِيجُ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ ارْتَضَوْا عَلَى أَنْ يَجْعَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَتْ الْعَزِيزَةُ فَقَالَتْ وَاللَّهِ مَا مُحَمَّدٌ بِمُعْطِيكُمْ مِنْهُمْ ضِعْفَ مَا يُعْطِيهِمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَقَدْ صَدَقُوا مَا أَعْطَوْنَا هَذَا إِلَّا ضَيْمًا مِنَّا وَقَهْرًا لَهُمْ فَدُسُّوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ مَنْ يَخْبُرُ لَكُمْ رَأْيَهُ إِنْ أَعْطَاكُمْ مَا تُرِيدُونَ حَكَّمْتُمُوهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِكُمْ حَذِرْتُمْ فَلَمْ تُحَكِّمُوهُ فَدَسُّوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَاسًا مِنْ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لِيَخْبُرُوا لَهُمْ رَأْيَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ كُلِّهِ وَمَا أَرَادُوا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ { يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ مِنْ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا آمَنَّا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمْ الْفَاسِقُونَ } ثُمَّ قَالَ فِيهِمَا وَاللَّهِ نَزَلَتْ وَإِيَّاهُمَا عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
Isnad Chain
إبراهيم بن أبي العباس
عبد الرحمن بن أبي الزناد
أبيه
ابن عباس
English Translation
Ibrahim ibn Abi al-'Abbas narrated to us, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi al-Zinad narrated to us, from his father, from 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Utbah ibn Mas'ud, from Ibn 'Abbas (رضي الله عنهما), who said: Indeed Allah عز وجل revealed: {And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, those are the disbelievers} [5:44], and {those are the wrongdoers} [5:45], and {those are the defiantly disobedient} [5:47]. He said: Ibn 'Abbas said: Allah revealed these verses regarding the two groups of Jews. One of them had overpowered the other in the pre-Islamic period until they agreed — or made a settlement — that for every person the powerful tribe killed from the weaker tribe, the blood money would be fifty wasq (loads of grain), and for every person the weaker tribe killed from the powerful tribe, the blood money would be one hundred wasq. They remained upon this until the Prophet ﷺ came to Madinah, and both groups were humbled by the arrival of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. At that time he had not yet asserted authority or made them submit to it, as he was in a truce. Then the weaker tribe killed a man from the powerful tribe. The powerful tribe sent word to the weaker tribe: "Send us one hundred wasq." The weaker tribe said: "Has this ever existed between two clans whose religion is the same, their lineage is the same, and their land is the same — that the blood money of some of them is half the blood money of others? We only gave you this out of your oppression of us and our fear of you. But now that Muhammad has arrived, we will not give you that." War nearly erupted between them, then they agreed to make the Messenger of Allah ﷺ judge between them. Then the powerful tribe thought and said: "By Allah, Muhammad will not give you double from them what he gives them from you. They spoke truly — they only gave us this out of our oppression and dominance over them. So send someone to Muhammad to find out his opinion. If he gives you what you want, accept him as judge; if not, be wary and do not accept him." So they sent some hypocrites to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to find out his opinion. When the matter came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Allah informed His Messenger of all their affairs and what they intended. So Allah عز وجل revealed: {O Messenger, let not those who hasten into disbelief grieve you, of those who say 'We believe'...} to His saying: {And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, those are the defiantly disobedient} [5:41-47]. Then he said: By Allah, these verses were revealed regarding them, and it was them whom Allah عز وجل meant.
Quran References
Reference: Musnad Ahmad, Book 9, Hadith 64
Sunnah.com ref: Musnad Ahmad 2102
Islam.wiki ID: IWH-38492