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...n clan chiefs watched skeptically. When the pick struck the ancient well and water surged forth, Quraysh immediately disputed h...
...of the Persian emperor's palace cracked simultaneously, the ancient Zoroastrian sacred fire that had burned for a thousand year...
... to Byzantine markets, diverse peoples, and the remnants of ancient civilizations. For the young Muhammad ﷺ, it was his first e...
...aditionally forbidden by Arab custom. The violation of this ancient compact was both the moral outrage that named the conflict ...
...st sacred element: the Black Stone (al-Hajar al-Aswad), the ancient stone from Paradise set in the Ka'bah by Ibrahim in the cor...
... in contrast to virtually every other major conquest of the ancient world. No executions of the city's leadership, no redistrib...
...be upon him) was sent by Allah to the people of Thamud — an ancient Arab civilization that inhabited the region of Al-Hijr (Mad...
...ahim was born into a family of idol-makers in the region of ancient Iraq. From his youth, he used his intellect and the sound n...
...s Qurayshi tribe — and had devoted his life to studying the ancient scriptures in their original languages. He was a man who ha...
...lid ibn al-Walid and Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah encircled the ancient city. Various Muslim commanders positioned themselves at th...
...anid imperial capital and one of the greatest cities of the ancient world. The Muslim army crossed the Tigris and entered the c...
...ampaigns. Located on the western bank of the Euphrates near ancient Babylon, Kufa was laid out in a grid with the great mosque ...
...yrus and the general Theodore, was defeated decisively near ancient Heliopolis (modern Ain Shams, near Cairo). The battle opene...
...-As besieged Alexandria — one of the greatest cities of the ancient world and the intellectual capital of the eastern Mediterra...
... Maghrib under Umayyad generals. The fall of Carthage — the ancient Byzantine administrative capital of the Proconsular Africa ...
...rovinces of the Byzantine Empire and the breadbasket of the ancient world. Amr ibn al-As had entered Egypt in 639 CE with a rel...
...e field army under Theodore met the Muslims at Heliopolis — ancient 'City of the Sun' near modern Cairo. The Byzantine force wa...
The Battle of Fahl (ancient Pella) was fought in the Jordan Valley in 13 AH after the f...
... Azerbaijan and into the Caucasus. The Muslims captured the ancient fortress city of Derbent on the Caspian coast, which contro...