Loading...
Loading...
...ough the Hejaz and Jordanian highlands exposed travelers to Byzantine markets, diverse peoples, and the remnants of ancient civil...
...eccan summer trade route through the Hejaz northward to the Byzantine trading centers of Syria — particularly the city of Busra, ...
...he walls of Constantinople in the Muslim army besieging the Byzantine capital, buried there where Muslim armies would seek his gr...
...al respect — he subjected Abu Sufyan (who happened to be in Byzantine territory) to systematic questioning about the Prophet ﷺ an...
...uslim community to direct its attention further: toward the Byzantine frontier (the Battle of Mutah followed within a year), towa...
...lim commanders fell in succession against a vastly superior Byzantine force. The army informally gave the standard to Khalid. He ...
...ect military confrontation between the Muslim community and Byzantine-aligned forces. It was triggered by the execution of a Musl...
...ab 9 AH, it was called in response to intelligence that the Byzantine Empire was assembling an army at the Syrian frontier to str...
...r arrived from the Ghassanid king offering him honor in the Byzantine lands. He burned it: 'This too is a test.' On the fiftieth...
...bu Amir al-Rahib, a former Medinan monk who had gone to the Byzantines seeking an alliance against the Muslim community and had i...