49 results for “byzantine”
...ough the Hejaz and Jordanian highlands exposed travelers to Byzantine markets, diverse peoples, and the remnants of ancient civil...
...eccan summer trade route through the Hejaz northward to the Byzantine trading centers of Syria — particularly the city of Busra, ...
...he walls of Constantinople in the Muslim army besieging the Byzantine capital, buried there where Muslim armies would seek his gr...
...al respect — he subjected Abu Sufyan (who happened to be in Byzantine territory) to systematic questioning about the Prophet ﷺ an...
...uslim community to direct its attention further: toward the Byzantine frontier (the Battle of Mutah followed within a year), towa...
...lim commanders fell in succession against a vastly superior Byzantine force. The army informally gave the standard to Khalid. He ...
...ect military confrontation between the Muslim community and Byzantine-aligned forces. It was triggered by the execution of a Musl...
...ab 9 AH, it was called in response to intelligence that the Byzantine Empire was assembling an army at the Syrian frontier to str...
...r arrived from the Ghassanid king offering him honor in the Byzantine lands. He burned it: 'This too is a test.' On the fiftieth...
...bu Amir al-Rahib, a former Medinan monk who had gone to the Byzantines seeking an alliance against the Muslim community and had i...
...ttered across Syria, Arabia, Ethiopia, and the edges of the Byzantine world — are an important part of the Quranic picture of the...
...Palestine, fought between a unified Muslim army and a large Byzantine force. Khalid ibn al-Walid had made his legendary march fro...
The siege of Damascus lasted several months as Muslim forces under Khalid ibn al-Walid and Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah encircled the ancient city. Various Muslim c
...fate of the entire Levant. Emperor Heraclius sent a massive Byzantine army of 100,000–150,000 soldiers to drive the Muslims back....
The surrender of Jerusalem was one of the most momentous events in Islamic history. Patriarch Sophronius agreed to surrender the city but insisted the keys be h
... received reinforcements including Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. The Byzantine garrison of Egypt, led by the Patriarch Cyrus and the gener...
...or months behind its formidable sea walls, supported by the Byzantine navy. Eventually a negotiated surrender was reached: the By...
...om Syrian ports crossed to Cyprus, which had been used as a Byzantine naval base. The island submitted to Muslim authority after ...
...edieval Mediterranean. Emperor Constans II personally led a Byzantine fleet of reportedly 500–1,000 ships against a Muslim fleet ...
...ed deep into Central Asia in the east and continued probing Byzantine frontiers in the west and north. Muawiyah's court in Damasc...
... was Raja ibn Haywah al-Kindi, and the construction drew on Byzantine craftsmen and incorporated Byzantine and Sassanid artistic ...
...n early Islamic governance. Most significantly, he replaced Byzantine and Sassanid coinage that had circulated in the former impe...
... under Umayyad generals. The fall of Carthage — the ancient Byzantine administrative capital of the Proconsular Africa province, ...
... the largest and most sustained military effort to take the Byzantine capital, launched by Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and c...
...hocked the Frankish kingdoms to the north and the remaining Byzantine Empire and would reverberate through European political cal...
...d to discourage it. His correspondence with the Kharijites, Byzantine Emperor Leo III, and the rulers of neighboring kingdoms sur...
...ted the Islamic world to East Africa, India, China, and the Byzantine Mediterranean. The Abbasid era saw Muslim sailors among the...
...of Mu'tah was the first major Muslim engagement against the Byzantine Empire, fought in what is today southern Jordan. The Prophe...
...who marched to the northern frontier to confront a reported Byzantine build-up. The march took place in extreme heat during harve...
...t decisive military engagements in medieval history, ending Byzantine control of the Levant. The Byzantine Emperor Heraclius asse...
... civilians harmed. The city's Jewish community, expelled by Byzantine rule, was permitted to return. The conquest established a m...
...m takeover of Egypt, one of the wealthiest provinces of the Byzantine Empire and the breadbasket of the ancient world. Amr ibn al...
... could fire stone balls weighing hundreds of kilograms. The Byzantine garrison of approximately 7,000, including Genoese and Vene...
...adayn was the first major Muslim engagement against a large Byzantine army in Palestine and opened the way for the subsequent con...
...dest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a major Byzantine administrative centre, marked a turning point in the Muslim...
...Battle of Heliopolis was the decisive engagement that broke Byzantine power in Egypt and opened the way to Alexandria and full Mu...
...cal map of Anatolia. The Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan faced the Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes, who had personally led an army...
...mpaign. After the Muslim victory at Ajnadayn, the remaining Byzantine forces regrouped at Marj al-Saffar (the Meadow of the Saffl...
...t in the Jordan Valley in 13 AH after the fall of Damascus. Byzantine forces flooded the plain to hinder the Muslim cavalry, but ...
... naval victory in the Mediterranean, effectively destroying Byzantine naval supremacy. The Muslim fleet, commanded by Abd Allah i...
...nquered the Sassanid Empire, took the Levant and Egypt from Byzantines, established the Islamic calendar, created the diwan syste...
...r ibn al-As led the Muslim conquest of Egypt, defeating the Byzantine garrison. He founded Fustat (Old Cairo) and built the first...
The Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan defeated the Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes at the Battle of Manzikert. Thi...
An early companion who was captured as a child by the Byzantines, later freed, and gave up all his wealth to emigrate to Me...
The Byzantine Emperor who received the Prophet's letter inviting him to I...
The ruler of Egypt who received the Prophet's letter, responded respectfully, and sent gifts including Maria al-Qibtiyyah.
...trative language, minted the first Islamic coins (replacing Byzantine/Sassanid designs), and built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusa...
Son of Caliph Abd al-Malik and one of the greatest Umayyad military commanders. He led the famous siege of Constantinople in 98-99 AH (717-718 CE), the most amb