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... entity with a territorial base, a governing compact, and a military capacity.
...ophet ﷺ to govern a complex multi-communal city without the military capacity that later Islamic governance would develop. It wo...
...h of Ramadan, 2 AH (March 624 CE) — is the most significant military engagement in early Islamic history. The Quran names it Yaw...
...he withdrawing Qurayshi army. The purpose was not primarily military but psychological: to demonstrate that Uhud had not broken ...
...a message giving the tribe ten days to leave Medina or face military action. Initially Banu al-Nadir began preparing to depart....
...e density of significant events it contains — a pre-emptive military victory, a near-fracture of the Muhajirun-Ansar unity, a ma...
... Trench (al-Khandaq) in Shawwal 5 AH was the most dangerous military challenge of the Medinan period — a coalition of approximat...
...lay in what it created: two years of security from Qurayshi military interference, during which Islam spread through Arabia at a...
...mpion Marhab in single combat and the fort fell. After the military victory, the Prophet ﷺ arranged a sharecropping settlement ...
...rmation. Seventy companions died. He was the most dangerous military mind the Muslim community had faced. In Safar 8 AH — barel...
...a al-Ula 8 AH at the Syrian frontier — was the first direct military confrontation between the Muslim community and Byzantine-al...
...e situation irrevocably. The Prophet ﷺ ordered the largest military campaign of his life — 10,000 fighters — and imposed a comm...
...a al-Usra (the Expedition of Hardship) — was the last major military campaign of the Prophet's ﷺ life and the largest force he e...
...f Mecca and the Battle of Hunayn had removed the last major military obstacles to Muslim political authority in Arabia, the calc...
...d in a religion without prayer' — refused. Zakat — refused. Military campaigns — refused. Each concession they sought went to a ...
... if they were weak.' The completion of the Prophet's ﷺ last military order — despite the internal crisis — was Abu Bakr's first ...