'Umar bin Al-Khattab

Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) was the second Caliph of Islam and one of the greatest companions of the Prophet ﷺ. His conversion to Islam — around the fifth or sixth year of the prophethood — was a turning point for the early Muslim community, strengthening its resolve and enabling the Muslims to pray openly at the Kaaba for the first time. The Prophet ﷺ said: 'Islam has been strengthened by the conversion of Umar.' He was known for his uncompromising adherence to justice, his deep reverence for the Sunnah, and his outstanding administrative ability. He expanded the Islamic state more than any other Caliph, overseeing the conquest of Persia, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. He narrated approximately 537 hadiths. His juristic opinions — known as Umar's qiyas — are referenced in all schools of Islamic law, and many of his administrative precedents became standard Islamic governance. He was martyred in 23 AH while leading Fajr prayer, stabbed by a Persian slave named Abu Lu'lu'a.