عمرة القضاء

Umrah al-Qadiyyah — the Compensatory Umrah or Umrah of Fulfillment — was performed in Dhul-Qa'dah 7 AH, one year after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah had required the Muslims to turn back from Mecca. The treaty had stipulated that the Quraysh would vacate the city for three days the following year and allow the Muslims to perform Umrah unmolested. In 7 AH, the Quraysh honored that agreement, withdrawing to the surrounding hills, while the Prophet ﷺ and approximately 2,000 companions entered Mecca in ihram. The symbolic weight of the occasion was immense. The companions who had turned back at Hudaybiyyah in grief now entered the city they had been expelled from and circled the Kaaba that the Quraysh had claimed was theirs alone. Bilal ibn Rabah — the Abyssinian slave who had been tortured in Mecca for accepting Islam — called the adhan over the city. The Prophet ﷺ instructed the companions to perform the raml in the first three circuits of tawaf — walking briskly and assertively — reportedly to counter Qurayshi rumors that the Muslims had been weakened by the fevers of Medina. The raml became a permanent Sunnah of tawaf observed in Hajj and Umrah to this day. Among the events of the three days was the Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Maymunah bint al-Harith, arranged through the mediation of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Prophet ﷺ invited the Quraysh to a wedding feast; they sent word that his three days were complete and he must depart. He honored the terms of the treaty without argument and left. The Quraysh who watched from the hills observed the Muslim community at prayer, at tawaf, in the state of ihram — a direct, visual encounter with the Islam they had been opposing. Among those watching was Khalid ibn al-Walid, who later said this experience contributed to his eventual conversion. The Umrah al-Qadiyyah fulfilled the vision of Surah al-Fath (48:27): 'You will surely enter al-Masjid al-Haram, if Allah wills, in safety.' The entry into Mecca under arms — the Conquest — came two years later. The peaceful three days established the practical viability of the treaty and gave Qurayshi figures like Khalid ibn al-Walid — who watched from the hills — a direct encounter with Islam in practice that would contribute to his conversion just months later.