Chapter Four:

During the time of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs 1 I:Iamdi, Abu Bakr Raju/ ad-Daw/ah, 25-26. 2 Khaleefah, al-An$ar fl/- 'A$r ar-Rashidi, 108; Al)mad, ar-Riy

Notes - Chapter 4 10 al-Ash'ari, al-Ibdnah 'an U$ool al-Dayanah, 66. 11 al-Juwayni, Kitab al-Irshdd, 361. 12 al-Baqillani, al-In$af fee ma Yajooz I'tiqdduhu wa la Yajooz al-Jahl bihi, 65. 13 Bahnasawi, al-Khilafah wal-Khulafa' ar-Rashidoon bayn ash-Shoora wad-Daymaqarafiya, 163. 14 Bahnasawi, al-Khilafah wal-Khulafa' ar-Rashidoon bayn ash-Shoora wad-Daymaqarafiya, 66-67. 15 as-Sallabi, Abu Bakr a$-$iddeeq: His Life and Times, 234-247. 16 as-Sallabi, 'Ali ibnAbi Talib, 1:213-217. 17 an-Nadwi, al-Murtar;Ja Seerat Ameer al-Mu 'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 97. 18 an-Nadwi, al-Murtar;ia Seerat Ameer al-Mu 'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 97. 19 f.lanbal, Far;Ja 'ii a$-Saflabah, 1 :83; there is some weakness in its chain of narration. 20 Zahir, ash-Shi 'ah wa Ahl al-Bayt, 72. 21 Zahir, ash-Shi 'ah wa Ahl al-Bayt, 72. 22 as-Sulami, Khildfat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 22. 23 Ibn Ja'far, Tdreekh al-Ya 'qoobi, 2:228. 24 at-Tameemi, ash-Shoora bayna al-A$alah wal-Mu 'a$irah, 83. 25 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 4: 45. 26 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 4: 46. 27 as-Sallabi, Abu Bakr a$-$iddeeq: His Life and Times, 296; Eliihi, Qi$$ah Ba 'th Abi Bakr Jaysh Usamah, 27. 28 at-Tabari, Tdreekh at-Tabari, 4:46. 29 at-Tameemi, ash-Shoora bayna al-A$alah wal-Mu 'a$irah, 86. 30 an-Nadwi, al-Murtar;Ja Seerat Ameer al-Mu 'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 70; at-Tabrayzi, Mishktit al-Ma$abee/:I, hadith no. 6034. 31 at-Tameemi, ash-Shoora bayna al-A$alah wal-Mu'a$irah, 87. 32 as-Sallabi, Abu Bakr a$-$iddeeq: His Life and Times, 509-515. 33 as-Sallabi, Abu Bakr a$-$iddeeq: His Life and Times, 515. 34 an-Nadwi, al-Murtar;Jd Seerat Ameer al-Mu 'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 11; Ibn f.lajar al-' Asqaliini, al-1$abah fee Tamyeez a$-Sa/:labah, 1: 106. 35 Abu Yoosuf, al-Kharraj, 24-25; an-Nadwi, al-Murtar;Ja Seerat Ameer a/- Mu 'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 118. 36 Ibn 'Asakir, Tahdheeb Tdreekh Dimashq al-Kabeer, 6: 14. Al-lf asan ibn 'Ali 37 al-Madii'in: a city about 36 km from Baghdad that was conquered by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqii~ (~). 38 al-Ghiizali, Maqamat al- 'Ulama' bayna yaday al-Khulafa' wal-Amra ', 161. 39 al-l:Iiiji, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib Mustashdr Ameen lil-Khulafa 'ar-Rashideen, 99. 40 Zahir, ash-Shi 'ah wa Ahl al-Bayt, 133. 41 al-Qarashi, Awwaliyyat al-F arooq fil-ldarah wal-Qar)a ', 124. 42 al-Miiliki, Riydr) an-Nufoos al-Malikiyah, 1 :8-9; Haykal, al-Jihdd walQital fis-Siyasat ash-Sharee 'ah, 1 :556. 43 al-Mazeeni, Libya min al-Fat/:z al- 'Arabi f:zatta lntiqal al-Khilafat alFatimiyat ila Mi$r, 41; as-Salliibi, ash-Sharafwat-Tasami bi lfarakat alFat/:z al-Jslami, 19. 44 ash-Shujii', Dirasat fee 'Ahd an-Nubuwwah wal-Khilafat ar-Rashidah, 410. 45 adh-Dhahabi, Sayr A 'lam an-Nubala', 3:515. 46 al-Ghabiin, Fitnah Maqtal 'Uthman ibn 'Ajfan, 1:167.Also recorded by Imam Al;imad in al-Musnad, 1 :396 and Al;imad Shakir. 47 Ibn Shabbah, Tareekh al-Madeenat al-Munawarrah, 4:1208. 48 Al;imad, ar-Riyar) an-Nar)irahfee Manaqib al- 'Asharah; quoted in Kurdi, al-lf asan ibn 'Ali wa Dawruhu as-Siyasi, 46. 49 Recorded with a sound chain of narration by Ibn Sa'd, af-Tabaqat alKubra, 8:128. 50 al-Laythi, Tareekh Khaleefah ibn Khayyaf, 174. 51 adh-Dhahabi, Tareekh al-Islam .ft 'Ahd al-Khulafa' ar-Rashideen, 460461. Its chain of narration is strong. 52 Ibn 'Asiikir, Tareekh Dimashq, 403. 53 lbnAbi ·A~im, al-A/:zadwal-Mathdni, 1: 125; quoted in Faqeehi, Khilafat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 87. 54 IbnAbi Shaybah, al-Mu$annaffil-A/:zddeeth wal-Athdr, 15:219; its chain of narration is sound. 55 Faqeehi, Khilafat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 87. 56 Aml;iazoon, Ta/:zqeeq Mawaqif a$-$a/:zabah fil-Fitnah min Riwayat afTabari wal Mu/:zadditheen, 2:18. 57 as-Salliibi, Tayseer al-Kareem al-Mannan fee Seerat 'Uthman ibn 'Ajfan, 451-466. 58 ash-Shaykh, 'Aqeedat Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama 'ahfis-$a/:zabat al-Kiram, 2:677.

Notes - Chapter 4 59 lbn f.libban, ath-Thiqdt, 2:283; Khaleefah, al-An$dr fil- 'A$r ar-Rdshidi, 161. 60 al-Ghayth, Istish-hdd 'Uthmdn wa Waq 'at al-Jamal.ft Marwiydt Sayf ibn 'Umar fl Tdreekh af-Tabari: Dirdsah Naqdiyah, 183. 61 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 5:507. 62 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 5:481. 63 ar-Rabdhah: 204 km east ofMadinah. 64 al-Baladhuri, Ansdb al-Ashraf, 2:45; as-Sulami, Khildfat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 143. 65 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 5:482. 66 at-Tabari, Tareekh af-Tabari, 5:482. 67 Aml;iazoon, Tabqeeq Mawdqif as-Sahdbah, 2: 156. 68 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 5 :514; also recorded by Ibn Abu Shaybah with a good chain of narration. 69 Ibn f.lajar al-'Asqalani, Fatb al-Bari, 13:25; al-Bukhari, at-Tdreekh a$- Sagheer lil-Bukhdri, 1: 109. 70 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 5:516. 71 a~-San'ani, al-Mu$annaf, 5:456-457; recorded with a sound and mursal chain of narration going back to az-Zuhri. Faqeehi, Khildfat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 146. The chain of narration is good because of corroborating evidence, as 'Abdul-f.lameed 'Ali said. 72 Faqeehi, Khilafat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 194. 73 as-Sadafi, al-Wdfi bil-Wafiydt, 12:109. 74 al-Mawardi, Kitab Qitdl Ahl al-Baghy in al-Ifdwi al-Kabeer, 111. 75 Dukhan, Abdath wa Abddeeth Fitnat al-Harj, 217. 76 lbn 'Asakir, Tahdheeb Tareekh Dimashq al-Kabeer, 4:39; Faqeehi, Khilafat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, ll o. 77 al-Manqari, Waqa 'at Siffeen, 32; Aml;iazoon, Tabqeeq Mawdqif asSahdbah, 2:152. 78 Aml;iazoon, Tabqeeq Mawdqif as-Sahdbah, 2: 151. 79 al-Qurtubi, Tafseer al-Qurfubi, 2:256. 80 al-Batayinah, Dirdsahfee Tdreekh al-Khulafd' al-Umawiyeen, 38. 81 Faqeehi, Khilafat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 250. 82 Ibn Dawood, al-Akhbdr at-Tiwal, 165; quoted in Aml;iazoon, Tabqeeq Mawdqif as-Sahdbah, 2:232. 83 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 6:63. 84 at-Tabari, Tdreekh af-Tabari, 6:63. 85 Ibn Rac;lwan, ash-Shuhub al-Ldmi 'ahfis-Siyasat an-Nd.ft 'ah, 632-633. Al-/fasan ibn 'Ali 86 at-Tabari, Tiireekh af-Tabari, 6:64. 87 Faqeehi, Khilafat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, 440. 88 I;Ianbal, Far.la 'ii a$-Saf.zabah, 2:737. PART2 Al-I:Iasan's caliphate and his reconciliation efforts