. T

-..r.:4 0 Allah, accept our invocation; amen An~iir J L.,a_;j 'helpers': the Muslim citizens of Madinah who gave refuge to the Prophet (~) and the other Muslim emigrants fromMakkah 'A rajah, • 4..9 f' the plain outside of Makkah where (pl. 'Arafat) ..;;\;_,spilgrims gather at the climax of the Hajj; it is actually made up of a chain of hills, so the plural form is sometimes used The Arabic words are transliterated according to the conventions of the Transliteration Chart found in this book. If a word has become part of the English language (i.e., is found in a dictionary of Standard English), that spelling is used in this book and appears first in this Glossary, with the transliterated form in brackets after it. Al-lfasan ibn 'Ali banu (or bani) ...j'.•fa. lit. 'children (of)'; usu. referring to a tribe that claims a common ancestor Baqee' ~I the cemetery located next to the Cemetery Prophet's Mosque in Madinah, in which many of the Prophet's companions and family members are buried dinar ( deenar) JI.:.:.:; originally, a gold coin; a unit of currency dirham r-11' );:; a silver coin; a unit of currency Hadith ~...l>- the collected statements and actions (l:zadeeth) of Prophet Muhammad(~) that with the Quran form the basis oflslamic law hadith ~...l>- a statement or action of Prophet Mu- (l:zadeeth) hammad (~) that was remembered and recorded by his Companions and followers al-lfafidh .Wl.:1-1 'the one who has memorized (the Qur 'an)': an honorific title hajj (l:zajj) rt:" the major pilgrimage to the Sacred Mosque, site of the Ka'bah at Makkah, to be undertaken by every able Muslim once in his/her lifetime Hejaz (lfijaz) . t.-:.- J. the Western region of the Arabian Peninsula that includes Makkah and Madinah i'tikdf ._j~\ seclusion in the mosque solely for the purpose of worship

Glossary of Islamic terms Jib reel (.k~- the Arabic name for Gabriel (pbuh), the archangel who transmitted the verses of the Quran and other communication from Allah to Prophet Muhammad (~) jihad ljihdd) ~1.p.- struggle or striving (in Allah's cause) Kaaba ~I the House of Allah in Makkah, origi- (Ka'bah) nally built by Prophets Ibraheem and Isma'eel, and which Muslims face wherever they pray kunyah y an honorary name usually composed of Abu (father of) or Umm (mother of) and the name of the first son or first child la ildha Jl~ there is none worthy of worship other ilia Allah .&1~1 than Allah mubdhalah ~~ a method of resolving religious disputes in which both parties come together to pray and invoke the curse of Allah (~) on the side that is lying Muhdjiroon i:JJy.-4.- lit. emigrants (of any kind); in Islam- (or ic discourse this term is used to refer Muhdjireen) to people who emigrate to safeguard their religion, and specifically, the Muslims who migrated with Prophet Muhammad(~) from Makkah to Madinah Al-lfasan ibn 'Ali mursal ~~ a category ofhadith: a narration that a tabi'ee ascribes to the Prophet(~) without mentioning the Companion that he took it from musnad ~ a compilation (made by his student) of the hadiths related by an Imam mutawatir )Ip a category of hadith describing narrations that are related by a group of upright and trustworthy narrators who also related from a group of upright and trustworthy narrators, and so on, until the narration ends at the Prophet(~) prophethood The term 'prophethood' is not in the English dictionary, but is an invented term, formed along the pattern of 'childhood' and 'motherhood', as a noun reflecting a particular state of being. It is meant to translate the meaning of the Arabic word nubuwwah, which has no one-word equivalent in English, but which could be translated as meaning 'the state of being a prophet', and is also used to refer to 'all things that have to do with being a prophet'. The term 'prophethood' has since become common in English-language Islamic discourse. Quraysh _;..,_) the dominant tribe in Makkah at the time of the Prophet's mission; their society was based on polytheism

Glossary of Islamic terms raj' ah ~) the Shiite belief that some people will be brought back to this life from the dead, in their original forms, before the Day of Resurrection Ramadan Z,JL,.a..) the ninth month in the Islamic calen- (Rama(idn) dar; the month of obligatory fasting; the month in which the first verses of the Qur 'an were revealed rijs . dirt or filth; also used to refer to evil ,_r:>;--?. deeds and sins, prohibited food and drink, polytheism and other prohibited acts sayyid ...L....,... master, leader Shariah ~_,,.!. Islamic law derived from the Quran (Shariah) and the Sunnah shaykh . teacher, mentor; scholar L:'"" surah or OJ_,... chapter of the Qur 'an soorat a$-$Ufjah ~, ~\ a section of the Prophet's Mosque made into a 'hostel' for poor, single Muslim men and youths Sunnah the practice and collected sayings of Prophet Muhammad (~) that together with the Quran forms the basis of Islamic law tdbi'oon .:,,~WI those who knew or met any of the (sg. tdbi 'i) Companions and transmitted hadiths from them Al-lf asan ibn 'Ali tal:meek ~ the practice of a pious person chewing something sweet (preferably a date) and placing it in the mouth of the newborn, mixed with a little of the saliva of the pious person taqiyah ~ dissimulation of or deception about one's religious beliefs, especially in times of danger or persecution ummwalad ..u_, ii lit. 'mother of the child'; a slave woman who gives birth to her master's child; she cannot be sold or passed on in inheritance, and she becomes free upon the death of her master Ummah , 4!i community or nation: usu. used to refer to the entire global community of Muslims witr }J lit. an odd number: a single unit of supererogatory prayer, to be prayed any time after the evening ( 'ishd ') prayer and before the call for the dawn prayer zakdt (or olSj obligatory charity: an 'alms tax' on zakdh) wealth payable by Muslims and to be distributed to other Muslims who qualify as recipients

• = INDEX • • A al-'Abbas 51-53, 67, 86, 124, 159, 196, 265, 316 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas 49, 52, 53, 97' 104, 112, 114, 117, 162, 170, 196, 197, 226, 230, 244, 249, 250, 263, 265, 302,315,316,320,333,337 'Abdullah ibn 'Amir ibn Kurayz 281, 292, 312, 313, 332, 333, 334-335 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr. See lbn az-Zubayr 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far ibn Abi Talib 36, 65, 101, 162, 231, 248, 259, 264, 266-269, 283-284, 291, 331, 339, 340, 352 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ood. See lbn Mas'ood 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar 52, 65, 108, 112, 150, 164, 172, 243-244, 320, 337, 352 'Abdul-Malik ibn Marwan 201, 214, 269 'Abdur-RaJ:iman ibn Samurah 281, 292, 312, 313, 332, 333 Abu Bakrah 108, 109, 110, 177, 273, 274, 282 Abu Bakr aiH)iddeeq 30, 33, 52, 53, 84, 86-92, 103, 143-157, 195, 201, 203, 204, 210, 266,273,313,349,350,353 Abu Dharr 118, 162, 255 Abu Hurayrah 51, 87, 95, 96, 97, 98, 104, 111, 112, 236, 307308, 328, 337, 352, 354 Abu Ja'far al-Man~oor 58-60 Abul-Faraj al-I~fahani 34-35, 207209, 319 Abu Moosa al-Ash'ari 169, 331 Abu Nu'aym 108, 293, 351 Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri 85, 107, 237, 252,337 Abu Talib al-Makki 54-55 Abyssinia 67, 71-72, 91, 266 Adam 137, 216, 253-254 'Adiyy ibn I:Iatim 331 Ahl al-Bayt 61-62, 88, 113, 116117, 122-125, 127, 129, 133, 151-152, 159-160, 178, 186, 194-195, 197-198,206,244, 277-278, 306, 350, 411 ahl as-Sunnah wal-jama'ah 32, 34, 147-148, 159, 177-178,200, 202,205,319,329,343,411 'A'ishah (Prophet Muhammad's wife) 48, 69, 71, 83-85, 86, 88-89, 100, 122-123, 124, 126, 144-145, 152, 163, 166, 195, 235, 323, 353 Al-lf asan ibn 'Ali 'Ali ibn 'Abdullah al-Ba$ri. See alF Mada'ini al-Aloosi 240 'Ammar ibn Yasir 169, 176 'Amr ibn al-'A$ 84, 251, 272, 281, 311, 332 An$ar 78, 145-146, 196, 337, 338, 'Arafah 52, 226-227, 230, 411 al-Ash'ath ibn Qays 232, 245, 344, Fadak 86 Fatimah (Prophet Muhammad's daughter) 27, 30, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 62, 64, 68, 71, 73, 75-93, 98, 102, 105, 107, 123-129, 135-136, 138, 140, 159, 213, 224, 251, 252, 267, 347, 351, 353 Asma' bint 'Umays 74, 77-78, 90G 91, 152, 266 al-Ghayth, Dr. Khalid 272, 274, 279, 345-346, 355 B Badr, Battle of 66-67, 71-72, 75, H 133, 159, 161, 283 Baqee' Cemetery 38, 352-355, 387, Basra 163, 166-167, 169, 263, 313314, 327, 333 c Camel, Battle of the 32, 66, 163, 166, 170-172,308,324,334 Christians 21, 31, 58, 136-138 D adh-Dhahabi 100, 107, 174, 207, 210,226,229,230,239,244, 268,321,334,345,355,364 dreams 51, 104, 338-339, 348 E Egypt 69, 131, 152, 162, 163, 264, 311, 324 I:Iaf$ah bint 'Umar 73, 118 hajj 226, 230, 265, 411, 412 I:Iamzah 52, 58, 352 al-I:Iasan al-Ba$ri 46, 275, 281, 282 Hind bint Suhayl ibn 'Amr 343 I:Iunayn, Battle of 67, 301 al-I:Iusayn ibn 'Ali 31, 32, 38, 4546, 48-51, 58, 62-64, 75, 95-100, 102-108, 111, 112, 113, 118, 119, 121, 122-129, 135-136, 138, 139, 140, 143, 152, 158-160, 162, 164-165, 170, 178, 180, 186, 194, 198-199,214,226,233,237, 240-241,243,244,247,248, 249-252,259,264,267,268, 269, 284, 291, 314, 318, 322,331,339-342,345,349, 352-354, 380n42, 380n54, 385n200

I Ibn 'Abbas. See 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas lbn Abil-I:Iadeed 54 Ibn 'Adiyy 54 Ibn al-'Arabi 84, 203, 303, 343-344 lbn al-Atheer 110 Ibn 'Asakir 164, 245, 251, 268, 314 Ibn Durayd 309 Index J Jabiribn 'Abdullah50, 97, 111-112, 164, 199,236,237,337,352 Ja'dah bint al-Ash'ath ibn Qays 53, 342-343, 345, 347 Ja'far ibn Abi Talib 67, 105, 152, 266, 352 al-Jarral) ibn Sinan 286, 379n40 Ibn I:Iajar al-'Asqalani 178, 282, K 289, 315, 334, 355, 379n30, 384nl78 lbn I:Iajar al-Haythami 34, 313, 317 Ibn Katheer 32, 34, 88, 107, 151, 173, 174, 186, 187, 202, 204, 218, 222, 228, 230, 247, 255, 278, 290, 291, 295,296,303-305,319,320, 321, 331, 345, 352 Ibn Khaldoon 345 Ibn Khallikan 209, 251 lbn Mas'ood 95, 112, 214, 297, 323 Ibn Qutaybah 323-324 Ibn Saba' 163, 166, 191, 194-195, 197, 239, 348 Khadeejah 45, 52, 69-70, 71, 75, 85, 130, 252, 351 Khalid ibn al-Waleed 52 Khamees Police 278, 288-291 Kharijites 177, 279-280, 282, 286, 300, 308, 326-327, 348 Khawlah bint Mandhoor 53, 58, 60, 243-244, 374 Khaybar 68, 86, 128 Kufa 34, 163, 166-167, 169-170, 175, 192, 198,205,214,224, 263,264,265,272,277-279, 287' 289, 292, 305, 308-311, 326,331,335,337,340-342, 350,354,379n40,380n43 lbn Sa'd 46, 52, 60, 62, 67, 68, 72, 74, 103, 104, 143, 158, 192, 218, 225, 232, 277, 278, I., 279,283,284,287-288,293, Lemans 57 298, 346, 368n49 lbn Taymiyah 200, 207, 210, 272, M 304, 321, 334, 344, 353 Ibn 'Umar. See 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar Iraq 62, 108, 127, 175, 177-178, 192, 199,202,275,277-281, 287-289, 301, 308-311, 316, 330, 341 al-Mada'in 159, 263, 278-279, 280, 287-288,292,368n37 al-Mada'ini. See 'Ali ibn 'Abdullah al-Ba~ri Madinah 38, 51, 58, 59, 67, 70, 71, 73, 78, 79, 81-82, 91, 101, 102, 128, 141, 145, 151, Al-}jasan ibn 'Ali 153, 159, 162-168, 172,202,

Index 288,292,301,304,309,311, ~ 319, 330 T Talhah ibn 'Ubaydullah 53, 60, 163, 165, 166, 168, 170, 242, 374nl2 u 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abbas 36, 53, 264, 265-266, 289, 315-316 'Umar ibn 'Abdul-'Azeez 201, 225, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab 30, 33, 53, 64-65, 73, 91, 100, 112, 143, 146, 147, 151, 153, 158-161, 162,172, 195,201,203,204, 210,304,313,319,320,321, 349,350,353,380n40 Umm al-Fa~l 30, 51-53, 265 UmmAyman 77, 102 Umm Salamah 124-128, 217 Usamah ibn Zayd 74, 83, 97, 112, 153-155, 231, 248 'Uthman ibn 'Affiin 30, 33, 53, 7ln74, 76-77, 86, 91, 143, 160-168, 172-174, 195, 201, 203,204,206,214,233,273, 313,316,323-324,325,326, 333,334,349,350,353,354 y Yazeed ibn Mu'awiyah 67, 199, 201,243,266,318,342-343, 345, 347 Yemen 63, 158, 202, 265, 266, 330 zakah 25, 61, 116-117, 123-124, 129, 130, 181, 182, 264, 416 Zayn al-'Abideen 244 Ziyad ibn Sufyan 263 az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam 71, 91, 104, 150, 163, 165, 166, 168, 170, 268 az-Zubayr ibn Bakkar 52, 67, 68

-. ISBN 978-603-501-213-3 I 11~11 9 786035 012133