ash-Shawkani

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ash-Shawkani (1173–1255 H/1759–1839 M) adalah salah satu ulama Islam terpenting of the 18th-19th abad-abad. Lahir di Shawkan, Yaman, ia belajar in San'a under the leading para ulama of Yaman and became the hakim agung (qadhi al-qudat) of San'a under the Qasimi imams — the highest judicial position in the country — a post he held for nearly thirty tahun.

Ash-Shawkani advocated for direct engagement with Al-Al-Qur'an and Sunnah and criticized rigid taqlid (blind following of a legal school), arguing that qualified para ulama should engage in ijtihad (independent reasoning) based on the primary sources. He adalah pengaruhd by the tradisi of independent hadith-based para ulamahip in Yaman.

His most important work adalah Nayl al-Awtar Sharh Muntaqa al-Akhbar (Achieving the Aims: Commentary on the Selection of Reports), a comprehensive multi-jilid commentary on a koleksi hadits focused on legal hukum-hukum, demonstrating metodenyaology of deriving hukum-hukum directly from the hadith evidence. He also mengarang Fath al-Qadhir, a five-jilid tafsir Al-Al-Qur'an; Irshad al-Fuhul ila Tahqiq al-Haqq min Ilm al-Usul (Guidance for Scholars on the Science of Legal Methodology); and al-Badr at-Tali' (a biographical kamus of para ulama).

Ash-Shawkani wafat in San'a in 1255 H. His Nayl al-Awtar and Irshad al-Fuhul adalah khususnya important contributions to hadith-based fikih and legal metodeology, and continue to be widely used across dunia Islam.