‘Ali (rad)

Ali ibn Abi Talib al-Hashimi al-Qurashi, may Allah be pleased with him, was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet ﷺ, the husband of Fatimah al-Zahra, and the fourth Rightly Guided Caliph of Islam. He was among the very first to embrace Islam — the first child to accept the faith according to the most reliable accounts. He participated in every major battle alongside the Prophet ﷺ and was known for his extraordinary bravery, wielding the famous sword Dhul Fiqar. The Prophet ﷺ said to him at the Battle of Khaybar: 'I will give the banner tomorrow to a man whom Allah and His Messenger love, and who loves Allah and His Messenger — a conqueror, not one who flees.' The next day he gave it to Ali. He was renowned for his profound knowledge of the Quran, jurisprudence, and wisdom, and was one of the greatest scholars among the companions. He narrated a large number of hadiths from the Prophet ﷺ across all topics. After the Prophet's ﷺ passing, he served as caliph from 35–40 AH before being martyred in Kufa. His narrations appear in all six major hadith collections and in the books of tafsir and Islamic law.