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المرجئة
An early theological school that emerged in the late 7th century as a reaction to the Khawarij extremism on faith and sin. They held that actions are not part of faith (iman), and that as long as one holds belief in the heart, sins do not harm one's faith or status as a Muslim. The name derives from irja' (postponement) — they 'postponed' judgment on Muslim sinners to Allah alone.
Condemned by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Ahl us-Sunnah scholars as a deviant position on faith. While they erred on the relationship between faith and actions, they did not typically reach the level of outside-the-fold as they did not deny any fundamentals of the deen. Ahl us-Sunnah holds that faith increases and decreases, and that actions are part of faith. Note: Some Murji'ah positions influenced later Hanafi discussions on the definition of iman — but classical Hanafis are not Murji'ah; they have distinct nuances.
81h (700 CE)