Ditetapkannya Puasa Ramadan

The obligation of fasting the month of Ramadan was revealed in Sha'ban 2 AH through Surah al-Baqarah (2:183-187). The opening verse establishes it with the most direct framing: 'O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed upon you as it was prescribed upon those before you, that you may attain taqwa.' The fast was defined as abstaining from food, drink, and marital relations from Fajr until Maghrib, with exceptions for the ill and travelers, who make up missed days later. The verse also embedded the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr) within Ramadan — 'The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Quran' — establishing the fast's connection to the Quran's own beginning. The Prophet ﷺ elaborated the practice in prophetic tradition: the suhur (pre-dawn meal) as a blessing, the hastening of iftar (breaking fast at Maghrib), the Tarawih prayers at night, and the i'tikaf (seclusion in the mosque) during the last ten nights seeking Laylat al-Qadr. He described the spiritual conditions of Ramadan: 'When Ramadan enters, the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of Hell are closed, and the shayatin are chained.' He also established the non-negotiable condition of the fast's purpose: 'Whoever does not leave false speech and action by it, Allah has no need for him to leave his food and drink.' The first Ramadan of Islam — 2 AH — was also the Ramadan of Badr. The Muslim force that fought the defining battle of the early Islamic period on the seventeenth of Ramadan was fasting. This coincidence — the first obligatory Ramadan and the first major battle on the same day — is one of the most concentrated expressions of the Islamic principle that spiritual and material life are not separate domains. Laylat al-Qadr, described in Surah al-Qadr (97) as better than a thousand months, is the sacred night within the sacred month — more blessed than over 83 years of worship, sought every year in the last ten nights of Ramadan by Muslims across the world The establishment of Ramadan was the beginning of the Muslim community's annual return to its most fundamental relationship with Allah — a month in which the private disciplines of piety become a collective experience shared by every Muslim on earth simultaneously.