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... Prophet ﷺ as the saved sect (al-firqah an-najiyah) in the hadith of the 73 sects. Encompasses the four schools of fiqh (H...
... (pious predecessors). Also called the creed of the Ahl al-Hadith. Championed by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and later by Ibn Ta...
...s use of the practice of the people of Medina (amal ahl al-Madinah) as a legal source, given that Medina was the city of t...
...ur major Sunni schools of jurisprudence, founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE). Known for strict adherence to Hadi...
An early deviant sect that denied Allah's predestination (qadar), holding that human beings create their own actions inde...
...influenced by Indian and Greek philosophical ideas. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal wrote extensively against the Jahmiyyah.
...e as state creed in the Mihna (833 CE), under which Imam Ahmad was tortured.
...from the early Khawarij movement, founded by Abdullah ibn Ibad in 684 CE. Unlike the Khawarij, the Ibadis do not consider ...
A modern movement rejecting the authority of the Hadith and Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ, claiming the Quran alone is...
Shia Islam is a broad umbrella encompassing various groups that arose following t...
...r Zayd ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn, who revolted against the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik in 740 CE. Of all the Shia g...
...oup, following twelve Imams from Ali ibn Abi Talib to Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Imam who is believed to have entered ...
...Ja'far as the seventh Imam rather than his brother Musa al-Kadhim. Developed highly esoteric (batini) doctrines, holding t...
...ed practices that cross into shirk, particularly invoking dead saints (istighatha).
The oldest and one of the most widespread Sufi orders, named after Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (1077–1166 ...
A Sufi order founded in North Africa by Ahmad al-Tijani (1735–1815 CE). Highly influential in West Africa...
A Sufi order founded by Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili (1197–1258 CE) in North Africa. Prominent in Egypt, the...
...thodology: return to Quran and Sunnah, rejection of strict madhab taqlid, and Athari aqeedah. Distinguished from the Deoba...
... the decline of Muslim political power. Follows the Hanafi madhab in fiqh and is primarily Maturidi in aqeedah, but has st...
A major Islamic movement founded by Ahmad Rida Khan (1856–1921 CE) in Bareilly, India. Characterized ...
...ionary movement founded in Mewat, India in 1927 CE by Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi (1885–1944 CE). Emphasizes personal da'wah ...
... Mawdudi (1903–1979 CE). Currently active in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Kashmir. Shares many methodological similari...
...phate through political work, explicitly rejecting armed jihad as a current methodology. Active in dozens of countries. Ba...
...eory (from Sayyid Qutb's late works Milestones and In the Shade of the Quran) and Abdullah Azzam's globalized jihad method...
A broad movement that seeks to reform or reinterpret Islam in light...
A religious movement founded in Qadian, Punjab (British India) in 1889 CE by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad...
...unded in Detroit, Michigan in 1930 CE by Wallace Fard Muhammad, who claimed to be Allah incarnate. Its theology bears no r...
...ents of Islam, Neo-Platonism, Gnosticism, and pre-Islamic traditions. The Druze do not accept converts, do not follow the ...
An esoteric religion founded by Muhammad ibn Nusayr (d. circa 868 CE), a disciple of the 10th Twelve...
... that originated in Persia in 1844 CE when Siyyid Ali-Muhammad (the Bab) claimed to be a new prophet. His successor, Baha'...
A syncretic religious tradition originating in Anatolia (Turkey) in the medieval perio...