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120 verses. Medinan surah.
88 verses. Meccan surah.
89 verses. Meccan surah.
59 verses. Meccan surah.
38 verses. Medinan surah.
60 verses. Meccan surah.
29 verses. Medinan surah.
22 verses. Medinan surah.
20 verses. Meccan surah.
11 verses. Meccan surah.
5 verses. Meccan surah.
11 verses. Meccan surah.
5 verses. Meccan surah.
...Ababil) carrying stones of baked clay that decimated the invaders. The lead elephant, Mahmud, refused to advance toward th...
Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the father of Prophet Muhammad, died in Yathrib (Medina) while returning from a trading jo...
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born in Mecca on a Monday, the 12th of Rabi al-Awwal ...
...althier upbringing and pure Arabic speech, the infant Muhammad was given to Halimah bint Abi Dhu'ayb of Banu Sa'd. She ini...
While the young Muhammad was playing with other children among Banu Sa'd, two angels...
Aminah bint Wahb, the mother of Prophet Muhammad, died at al-Abwa on the road between Mecca and Medina while...
...et's grandfather, died in Mecca at the age of about 82. He had been the chief of Quraysh, guardian of Zamzam, and custodia...
At the age of twelve, Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a trading caravan to Syr...
...sacred months, hence called 'sacrilegious.' The young Muhammad, about 20 years old, participated by collecting arrows for ...
...e justice regardless of tribal affiliation. The young Muhammad participated and later said: 'I witnessed a pact in the hou...
Before their marriage, Khadijah hired Muhammad to lead her trade caravan to Syria based...
At the age of 25, Muhammad married Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, a wealthy and respected me...
When Muhammad was about 35, the Ka'bah was damaged by flooding and the Qu...
In the years before prophethood, Muhammad regularly retreated to Cave Hira on Jabal al-Nur (Mountain ...
Angel Jibreel appeared to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in Cave Hira on Mount Nur during the month of Ramadan. He...
After the first revelation, the Prophet returned to Khadijah trembling and she comforted him with her famous words: ...
...ed people to Islam secretly. The first believers included Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, Ali ibn Abi Talib (...
...ded with hostility, prompting the revelation of Surah al-Masad.
...on his chest under the scorching sun, but Bilal repeated 'Ahad, Ahad' (One, One). Abu Bakr purchased and freed him. The fa...
...to Mecca. The Quraysh warned him against listening to Muhammad, and he stuffed cotton in his ears. Despite this, he heard ...
... just Christian king, Negus (an-Najashi). About 15 Muslims made this first migration, including Uthman ibn Affan and his w...
...sister and seeing her bleed, he felt remorse and asked to read the verses. Moved by their beauty, he went to the Prophet a...
...u Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib, drafting a document that forbade marriage, trade, and social interaction with them. The Mus...
... 40 years, fell gravely ill. The Prophet visited him and pleaded: 'O uncle, say La ilaha ill-Allah, a statement with which...
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the Prophet's first wife and the first ...
The Prophet ﷺ lost both his beloved wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib within weeks of e...
...d ibn Harithah seeking support from the Thaqif tribe. The leaders rejected him and incited street urchins and slaves to st...
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was taken on a miraculous night journey from Masjid al-Ha...
...ained no military clauses, opened the door for Islam to spread in Medina.
...rophet ﷺ sent Mus'ab ibn Umayr to Medina as the first ambassador and teacher of Islam. Mus'ab stayed with As'ad ibn Zurara...
...-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib attended as a witness though he had not yet accepted Islam.
... began migrating to Medina, the Quraysh convened at Dar al-Nadwah to decide the Prophet's fate. Abu Jahl proposed that one...
...t reception. The Ansar (Helpers) came out singing 'Tala'al-Badru Alayna' (The full moon has risen upon us). Every clan inv...
...l, a court, a community center, and the seat of government. Adjoining rooms were built for the Prophet's family. The Suffa...
...ophet ﷺ established the Constitution of Medina (Sahifat al-Madinah), a formal charter between the Muslim community, Jewish...
...reported a dream in which a man taught him the words of the adhan. Umar confirmed he had seen a similar vision. The Prophe...
...nd year of Hijrah, Allah prescribed fasting the month of Ramadan as an obligation upon the Muslim community through the re...
...n the second year of Hijrah, though the concept of charity had been mentioned in Meccan revelations. The specific rates we...
...uran (286 verses), was revealed over a period in Medina. It addresses a wide range of legislation: prayer, fasting, Hajj, ...
...in the cemetery of al-Baqi'. The Prophet ﷺ kissed his forehead as he lay dead and wept. He placed a stone marker on his gr...
... and approximately 1,000 Qurayshi fighters at the wells of Badr. Despite being outnumbered three to one, the Muslims achie...
...e of Uthman ibn Affan, died in Medina during the Battle of Badr. She had been gravely ill, and Uthman stayed behind to car...
After the victory at Badr, Banu Qaynuqa, a Jewish tribe of goldsmiths and armorers i...
...phet's lineage continues. The Prophet called Fatimah 'the leader of the women of Paradise.'
... The Prophet performed the aqiqah (sacrifice), shaved his head, and gave charity equal to the weight of his hair in silver...
...h returned with 3,000 fighters led by Abu Sufyan to avenge Badr. The Prophet positioned 700 Muslims at the foot of Mount U...
...Hind bint Utbah if he killed Hamza to avenge her father at Badr. Hind mutilated Hamza's body, chewing his liver. When the ...
...mah. The Prophet performed the aqiqah and named him, as he had done with al-Hasan. The Prophet said of both grandsons: 'Th...
Banu Nadir, a Jewish tribe of date-palm farmers, conspired to assass...
...ibn al-Mu'attal. The chief hypocrite Abdullah ibn Ubayy spread a vile accusation against Aisha's honor. For an entire mont...
...rovided detailed guidance on lowering the gaze and covering adornments. These verses established Islamic norms of modesty.
...of 10,000 fighters, organized by Huyayy ibn Akhtab of Banu Nadir and led by Abu Sufyan, besieged Medina. On Salman al-Fars...
... the Trench, the Prophet marched against Banu Qurayza, who had broken their treaty by conspiring with the Confederates to ...
Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, chief of the Aws tribe and one of the most prominent Ansa...
Zaynab bint Jahsh had been married to Zayd ibn Harithah, the Prophet's adopted so...
...'a manifest victory' (48:1). The peace allowed Islam to spread rapidly without military barriers.
During the Hudaybiyyah negotiations, a rumor spread that the Quraysh had killed the Muslim envoy Uthman ibn Aff...
...ablished peace, the Prophet ﷺ sent letters inviting world leaders to Islam. He had a silver seal ring made inscribed 'Muha...
... the Jewish fortress complex of Khaybar, whose inhabitants had been organizing military coalitions against the Muslims. Th...
... and 2,000 Muslims entered Mecca to perform the Umrah they had been prevented from the previous year. The Quraysh evacuate...
Khalid ibn al-Walid, the military genius who had turned the tide at Uhud against the Muslims, traveled to Me...
... to confront the Ghassanids and their Byzantine allies who had killed his envoy al-Harith ibn Umayr. He appointed three co...
... companions asked him to curse the people of Ta'if. He instead prayed: 'O Allah, guide Thaqif and bring them to Islam.' Wi...
...he Ansar were troubled that they received less. The Prophet addressed them: 'Are you not satisfied that people go home wit...
...ts indicated a massive Byzantine force was assembling to invade Arabia. The hypocrites made excuses to stay behind, and th...
...ibn Malik, Murarah ibn al-Rabi, and Hilal ibn Umayyah, who had stayed behind from Tabuk without excuse, were boycotted by ...
... community and as a base for Abu Amir al-Rahib, a monk who had allied with the Byzantines. They invited the Prophet to pra...
...jran Christians, and the kings of Yemen and Oman. Islam spread peacefully across the peninsula as tribal leaders recognize...
The Prophet appointed Abu Bakr to lead 300 Muslims in the Hajj pilgrimage while he remained in Med...
...an-Najashi), the righteous Christian king of Abyssinia who had sheltered the Muslim refugees, died in the ninth year of Hi...
...of Uthman ibn Affan, died in the ninth year of Hijrah. She had married Uthman after the death of her sister Ruqayyah. The ...
..., but we say only what pleases our Lord. O Ibrahim, we are saddened by your departure.' A solar eclipse occurred that day,...
The Prophet ﷺ performed his only Hajj, with over 100,000 Muslims joining him. He taught every ritual of Hajj by example, saying: 'Take your Hajj rites from me,
On the Day of Arafat, the Prophet ﷺ delivered his monumental Farewell Sermon to over 100,000 people. He declared the sanctity of life, property, and honor; abol
...rophet's mission and life. A Jewish scholar told Umar that had such a verse been revealed to them, they would have made th...
...ess of which was chronologically last, the revelation that had continued for 23 years came to its close.
...he Prophet ﷺ appointed the 18-year-old Usamah ibn Zayd to lead an army to southern Palestine to avenge the martyrdom of hi...
...hand could feel the heat through a cloth. He continued to lead prayers when able, and when too weak, appointed Abu Bakr to...
...in his illness, the Prophet ﷺ entered the mosque with his head bandaged, supported between Ali and al-Abbas. He addressed ...
... Monday in Medina in the room of his wife Aisha, with his head resting on her lap. His last words included: 'With the high...
... in the Haram to uncover the ancient well of Zamzam, which had been buried and lost for centuries since the time of the Ju...
...the youngest son of Abd al-Muttalib, chief of Quraysh, and had narrowly escaped being sacrificed by his father to fulfill ...
...ld even a goat-rope, I will fight them for it.' Under his leadership, the Riddah Wars reunified Arabia and the Muslim conq...
...o victory, but 700 Muslims were martyred including many huffadh. This prompted Abu Bakr to commission the first compilatio...
Umar's decade as caliph saw the greatest territorial expansion in Islami...
...i Waqqas and the Sassanid Persian army under Rustam Farrokhzad. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Muslims won after t...
Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan established the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus after the death of Ali. The Umayyads ex...
...en called the fifth Rightly Guided Caliph. He reversed Umayyad excesses, stopped the cursing of Ali from pulpits, redistri...
Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed the strait with 7,000 soldiers and defeated the Vis...
.... This battle marked the furthest extent of Muslim military advance into Western Europe, though its historical significanc...
The Abbasid movement overthrew the Umayyad caliphate, establishing a new dynasty that moved the capita...
Caliph al-Mansur built Baghdad as the new Abbasid capital, calling it Madinat al-Salam (Ci...
...the Bayt al-Hikmah into a major intellectual center in Baghdad. Scholars translated Greek, Persian, and Indian works into ...
...universities. Transformed into a Sunni institution by Salah ad-Din, it remains the most prestigious center of Sunni Islami...
European Crusaders captured Jerusalem after a month-long siege, massacring ...
After his decisive victory at the Battle of Hattin, Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders. Unli...
Hulagu Khan's Mongol army sacked Baghdad, killing Caliph al-Musta'sim and an estimated hundreds of t...
The last Muslim kingdom in Spain, Granada, surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabella. Sultan Abu Abdulla...
Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih conquered Constantinople at age 21, fulfilling the...
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab allied with Muhammad ibn Saud to establis...
Scholars Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi established the De...
... transformed access to Islamic knowledge. Online platforms made sacred texts freely accessible worldwide. Mobile apps for ...
...ict marked the first major civil war (fitnah) in Islam and had lasting consequences for the Muslim community.
...ned sword of the Kharijite Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam while leading Fajr prayer at the mosque of Kufa. He died two days late...
Imam Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari completed his monumental hadith colle...
... completed his Sahih, considered the second most authentic hadith collection. He selected approximately 7,500 hadith from ...
...founder of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, died in Baghdad. Known as al-Imam al-A'zam (the Greatest Imam), his school ...
...l-Muwatta is considered the earliest extant compilation of hadith and fiqh. The Maliki school became predominant in North ...
Imam Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i, who revolutionized Islamic legal the...
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who endured imprisonment and torture during the...
...testing scholars and imprisoning those who refused. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal famously resisted, enduring flogging and impriso...
Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali, known as Hujjat al-Islam (Proof of Islam), died...
Salahuddin al-Ayyubi decisively defeated the Crusader armies at the Horns of Hattin near Lake Tiberias. The Mus...
...ule Egypt and Syria for over 250 years, stopping the Mongol advance at Ain Jalut, recapturing the remaining Crusader fortr...
Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah died in the citadel prison of Damascus, where he had been imprisoned for his ...
Muslim traders and scholars gradually brought Islam to the Malay Archip...
Islam spread across West Africa through trans-Saharan trade routes and s...
Caliph al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik completed the Great Mosque of Damascus, one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. Built on the site of a Roman temple
...Jerusalem. Built over the rock from which the Prophet Muhammad ascended during the Mi'raj, it is one of the oldest and mos...
The Abbasid army under Ziyad ibn Salih defeated the Chinese Tang Dynasty forces at the T...
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi wrote al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab ...
...ther of sociology and historiography, died in Cairo. His Muqaddimah introduced the concept of asabiyyah (social cohesion),...
...ule in the Balkans. Over the following centuries, Islam spread in the region through conversion and settlement. The Balkan...
...ng press in Istanbul. While printing in European languages had existed for centuries, the Ottoman ulama initially resisted...
Shah Waliullah ad-Dehlawi, one of the greatest scholars of the Indian subcont...
Muslim traders from Arabia and Persia established settlements along the...
...al standardized text of the Quran based on the compilation made during Abu Bakr's caliphate. Copies were sent to major Isl...
Shams ad-Din Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, the most prominent student ...
...having produced an astonishing body of scholarship. His 40 Hadith collection, Riyadh as-Saliheen, commentary on Sahih Musl...
Imam Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, known as Amir al-Mu'minin fi...
By the turn of the millennium, the Islamic world had reached unprecedented heights in science, medicine, mathema...
...se empire. Over the following centuries, Arab and Persian traders settled in Chinese port cities, and the Hui Muslim commu...
The Al-Aqsa Mosque was built by the Umayyad caliphs on the southern end of the Temple Mount in Jerusale...
Following the arson attack on al-Aqsa Mosque, Muslim leaders founded the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) as...
...atollah Khomeini. While a Twelver Shia political event, it had profound implications for the entire Muslim world, reigniti...
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the reformist scholar of Najd, died. His...
Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti, one of the most prolific scholars in Islamic...
The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, triggering a decade-long resistance by Afgha...
...hed a popular uprising against Israeli occupation. The Intifada brought worldwide attention to the Palestinian cause and l...
Abu Muhammad Ali ibn Hazm, the greatest scholar of the Zahiri (literalis...
...ied in Damascus. His Tafsir Ibn Kathir is the most widely read commentary on the Quran in the Sunni world, known for its u...
...ught Islam to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade. Scholars like Bilali Muhammad of Sapelo Island and Omar i...
Muhammad Abduh, the Grand Mufti of Egypt and pioneer of Islamic mode...
Muhammad Iqbal, the philosopher-poet of the East, died in Lahore. Hi...
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, the great polymath, historian, and Qur...
...n al-Ash'ari, the founder of Ash'ari theology, died in Baghdad. Initially a Mu'tazili scholar, he famously abandoned their...
...rkand. His theological school became the dominant creedal tradition among Hanafi scholars, particularly in Central Asia, t...
...d (Buwayhid) dynasty, a Shia Iranian dynasty, captured Baghdad and became the de facto rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate. Th...
...imid Caliphate. The city was planned as a royal enclave and administrative center. The Fatimids later founded al-Azhar mos...
The Seljuk Turks under Tughril Beg entered Baghdad and ended Buwayhid control. The Abbasid caliph granted Tugh...
...lk, the powerful Seljuk vizier, established the Nizamiyyah madrasa in Baghdad, the first well-documented publicly funded i...
Imam al-Haramayn Abu al-Ma'ali al-Juwayni, the leading Ash'ari theologian and Shafi'i jurist, died in Nishapur....
Crusader armies captured Jerusalem after a siege, massacring many ...
After the fall of Jerusalem, the qadi Abu Sa'd al-Harawi traveled to Baghdad to plead for help a...
Ibn Tumart, the founder of the Almohad movement in North Africa, died. His successor Abd al-Mu'min...
After Saladin's recapture of Jerusalem, the European monarchs launched ...
Saladin founded the Ayyubid dynasty after deposing the Fatimid ca...
The Fifth Crusade targeted Egypt. Crusaders captured Damietta but were event...
...zi, the prolific Hanbali scholar and preacher, died in Baghdad. He authored over 300 works spanning tafsir, hadith, fiqh, ...
Genghis Khan invaded the Khwarezmian Empire, systematically destroying Bukhara...
Jalal al-Din Muhammad al-Rumi, the great Persian poet and Sufi mystic, died in Ko...
...e Scholars, died in Cairo. He was renowned for his fearless advocacy for justice.
The Marinid dynasty replaced the Almohads as rulers of Morocco. They were great patrons of Islamic e...
Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Qurtubi, the Maliki jurist and Quran commentator, died i...
... of the Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia, converted to Islam and made it the state religion. Under Ghazan, the Ilkhanate became ...
...i al-Din ibn Daqiq al-Id, the great Shafi'i-Maliki jurist, hadith scholar, and Chief Judge of Egypt, died in Cairo.
Under Muhammad ibn Tughluq, the Delhi Sultanate reached its greatest terri...
...-Din al-Dhahabi, one of the greatest Muslim historians and hadith scholars, died in Damascus. His Siyar A'lam al-Nubala is...
...dent and companion of Ibn Taymiyyah, died in Damascus. His Zad al-Ma'ad is a comprehensive guide to the Prophet's life and...
...ting campaigns across the Muslim world, sacking Delhi, Baghdad, and defeating the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I.
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali, a major hadith expert, died in Damascus. His Jami al-Ulum wal-Hikam is ...
Coffee drinking spread from Ethiopia through Yemen and into the broader Muslim wor...
Admiral Zheng He, a Chinese Muslim, led seven major maritime e...
...blished the Din-i Ilahi, an eclectic spiritual movement. Ahmad Sirhindi later led an Islamic renewal movement in response.
Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alf-i Thani, led an Islamic rev...
Muhammad Ali Pasha, the founder of modern Egypt, modernized Egypt's ...
...ted to modernize the empire through legal, educational, and administrative changes.
...Jewish national home in Palestine, setting the stage for decades of conflict.
Egypt and Syria attacked Israeli positions during Ramadan. The Egyptian crossing of the Suez Canal restored Arab mi...
...s supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War. Oil prices quadrupled.
The Second Intifada erupted after a provocative visit to al-Haram al-Sharif. T...
Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Rushd, the great Andalusian philosopher, jurist, and ph...
Muhammad al-Idrisi, the celebrated cartographer, died in Sicily. He ...
The Mamluk Sultan captured Acre, the last major Crusader stronghold, ending nearly two centuries of Crusader prese...
Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, the great Maliki jurist of Granada, died. His al-Muwafaqat is the most important work on the ...
...ra'at al-Ashr is the definitive work on the ten canonical readings.
Ahmad ibn Majid, the Arab navigator known as the 'Lion of the Sea...
The Mali Empire under Mansa Musa and successors was a major center of Islamic civilization in West Africa. Timbuktu became a renowned center of Islamic learning
The Sultanate of Brunei became a major center for the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia through trade, intermarriage, an...
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi founded the Sanussi order in Libya, combi...
Imam Shamil led decades-long resistance against Russian imperial expansion in the...
Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in Aliga...
Muhammad Iqbal, the poet-philosopher considered the spiritual father...
...nami devastated Aceh, Indonesia, killing over 160,000 and leading to a peace agreement ending decades of conflict.
Radiocarbon dating placed Quranic manuscript fragments at Birmi...
...usuf al-Kindi, the first major philosopher in the Islamic tradition, died in Baghdad. He integrated Greek philosophy with ...
...the 'Second Teacher' after Aristotle, died in Damascus. He made fundamental contributions to logic, political philosophy, ...
...Hallaj, the controversial Sufi mystic, was executed in Baghdad. His martyrdom became a central event in Sufi history and l...
Ahmad al-Ghazali, the Sufi master and brother of Abu Hamid al-Gha...
Abdul Qadir al-Jilani, the great Hanbali jurist, preacher, and Sufi s...
Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah, the influential Hanbali scholar and reformer...
...diverting Arab pilgrimage away from the Ka'bah in Mecca. He adorned it with gold, precious stones, and ornate woodwork imp...
...ashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Prophet Muhammad, established the two great trade caravans of the Quraysh re...
When Abd al-Muttalib had only one son, al-Harith, he vowed to Allah that if he were ...
...rilegious wars ended, a man from Zubayd came to Mecca for trade and was cheated by al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi, who refused t...
During his youth, Prophet Muhammad worked as a shepherd tending sheep for the people of Mecca ...
Throughout his youth, the Prophet Muhammad was divinely protected from the vices and idolatrous practi...
Before their marriage, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, a wealthy and respected merchant of Qur...
Ali ibn Abi Talib, the Prophet's young cousin who had been raised in his household, was among the very first to a...
...icularly significant because he came from the powerful Umayyad clan, which would later become one of Islam's fiercest oppo...
...sed to recant. He was one of the ten companions promised Paradise (al-Asharah al-Mubashsharah) and the Prophet called him ...
... hunger. Sa'd came to her and said: 'O mother, even if you had a hundred souls and they departed one by one, I would not l...
...ms for the cause of Islam. He was among the ten promised Paradise. After the Hijrah, the Prophet paired him in brotherhood...
... accepted Islam through Abu Bakr's invitation. While on a trading journey to Busra in Syria, a monk told him that the fina...
...slam. Through all his suffering, Bilal would only repeat 'Ahad, Ahad' (One, One), affirming the oneness of Allah. Abu Bakr...
...subjected to severe torture by Abu Jahl and other Quraysh leaders. They were taken out to the scorching desert at midday a...
...u Quhafah chided him for freeing weak, helpless slaves instead of strong men who could protect him, but Abu Bakr replied t...
... Umar ibn al-Khattab. His father, Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl, had been a hanif who rejected idolatry before the coming of Isl...
...y you gathered us?' In response, Allah revealed Surah al-Masad: 'May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, and may he perish. His...
...hem who were sawn in half yet did not renounce their faith, adding: 'By Allah, Allah will complete this matter until a rid...
As the Prophet's message gained followers, the Quraysh leaders sent multiple delegations to Abu Talib demanding he rest...
...pproached the Prophet with a series of offers meant to dissuade him from his mission. He said: 'If you want wealth, we wil...
...ng inside the Ka'bah stipulating that no one would marry, trade with, or socialize with the two clans until they handed ov...
After the leaders of Ta'if rejected the Prophet's message and set children...
...ab tribes who came to Mecca for the annual pilgrimage and trade fairs at Ukaz, Majannah, and Dhul-Majaz. He would visit th...
... Khazraj tribe of Yathrib at Aqabah near Mina. They were As'ad ibn Zurarah, Awf ibn al-Harith, Rafi' ibn Malik, Qutbah ibn...
The Constitution of Medina (Sahifat al-Madinah) was a comprehensive document that established a multi-...
...y the Jewish tribes. The Prophet set regulations for fair trade that would define Islamic commercial ethics: he prohibited...
... the three Jewish tribes in combat. Their chief, Ka'b ibn Asad (or Mukhayariq according to some sources), initially agreed...
... a mutual non-aggression and mutual defense pact with Banu Nadir, one of the three major Jewish tribes of Medina. Banu Nad...
... settlements in the southeastern part of Medina, near Banu Nadir. Their chief, Ka'b ibn Asad al-Qurazi, agreed to mutual n...
...Muslims in Medina were capable of threatening their vital trade route to Syria, which passed through territory now control...
...th sides withdrew. Two members of the Quraysh force, al-Miqdad ibn Amr and Utbah ibn Ghazwan, who were secretly Muslim, de...
... with instructions not to open it until two days of travel had passed. The letter instructed him to proceed to Nakhla and ...
After the Muslim victory at Badr, the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa became openly hostile. T...
...af was a poet of mixed Arab and Jewish parentage from Banu Nadir. After the Muslim victory at Badr, he traveled to Mecca t...
...red except Ka'b ibn Zayd, who was found wounded among the dead and survived. Amr ibn Umayyah al-Damri and al-Mundhir ibn M...
A delegation from the tribes of Adal and Qarah came to the Prophet claiming their people wante...
The Prophet went to Banu Nadir's territory to discuss the payment of blood money for two...
After the Battle of Uhud, Abu Sufyan had called out to the Muslims: 'Our appointment is Badr next ye...
... thousand fighters, Huyayy ibn Akhtab of the expelled Banu Nadir went to the fortress of Ka'b ibn Asad, chief of Banu Qura...
...eception.' Nu'aym went first to Banu Qurayza, with whom he had a pre-Islamic friendship, and warned them that if the Confe...
...et marched directly to the fortresses of Banu Qurayza, who had committed treason during the siege. The Prophet besieged th...
...heir treacherous role in the al-Raji' incident, where they had betrayed and killed Muslim teachers. The Prophet kept his d...
...ibes and secure strategic routes. He sent a force to Dhu Qarad when a raiding party stole some of the Prophet's camels. He...
... a letter to Heraclius, the Byzantine Emperor. The letter read: 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Mercifu...
...r wording to the letter to Heraclius. When the letter was read to Chosroes and he heard that Muhammad's name preceded his ...
...jashi (Negus Ashamah ibn Abjar), the king of Abyssinia who had sheltered the Muslim emigrants years earlier. The letter in...
...e other rulers. Al-Muqawqis received Hatib with honor and read the letter respectfully. He said: 'I have considered this m...
The Prophet sent al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami to deliver a letter to al-Mundhir ibn Sawa al-Tamimi, t...
The Prophet sent Shuja' ibn Wahb al-Asadi to deliver a letter to al-Harith ibn Abi Shimr al-Ghassani...
... Ali al-Hanafi, the chief of Yamama in central Arabia, who had adopted Christianity. Hawdhah showed some interest in the m...
...with ten thousand men, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the long-time leader of the Quraysh opposition, ventured out to gather intelli...
...phets, and ordered them all washed away. He found a pigeon made of aloe wood inside and broke it with his hands. He prayed...
....' This remarkable act of mercy was extended to people who had persecuted him, tortured his companions, killed his family ...
...lim army of twelve thousand, the largest force the Prophet had ever commanded, marched to Hunayn valley. Some Muslims felt...
...nd withdrew. Companions asked him to curse Thaqif, but instead he prayed: 'O Allah, guide Thaqif and bring them to Islam.'...
...e spoils, giving generously to the newly converted Meccan leaders (mu'allafat al-qulub) to strengthen their attachment to ...
...'s ally Banu Khuza'ah at the well of al-Watir, the Prophet made secret preparations for a march on Mecca. He sent Abu Qata...
...but the most eager to learn Islam and the Quran, as their leader. This delegation marked the end of organized pagan resist...
...phet departed from Medina for the Hajj pilgrimage. News spread throughout Arabia that the Prophet would perform Hajj, and ...
...relayed in sections by Rabi'ah ibn Umayyah ibn Khalaf, who had a powerful voice, repeating each statement to the massive g...
...ater told Umar: 'There is a verse you recite in your Book; had it been revealed to us Jews, we would have taken that day a...
...laughtered his sacrifice (one hundred camels), shaved his head, performed Tawaf al-Ifadah, and drank Zamzam water. He reso...
...ayd's army toward Syria, the Prophet began to feel ill. He had returned from visiting the graves at Baqi' cemetery late at...
When the Prophet's illness made it difficult for him to lead the congregational prayers, h...
...spite his severe illness, came out to the mosque with his head bandaged and delivered what would be his final public addre...
...praying Fajr behind Abu Bakr. The companions saw his face, radiant as a page of the Quran, and he smiled at them. Abu Bakr...
When news of the Prophet's death spread, Medina was plunged into shock and chaos. Umar ibn al-Khatt...
...(saqifah) of Banu Sa'idah to discuss succession. Sa'd ibn Ubadah, chief of the Khazraj, was proposed as leader by the Ansa...
...d the process of preparing his body. Ali ibn Abi Talib, al-Fadl ibn Abbas, his uncle Abbas, and Usamah ibn Zayd washed the...
Abu Dharr Jundab ibn Junadah of the Banu Ghifar tribe, a clan known for highway robber...
... converts to Islam. Even before the Prophet's mission, Amr had rejected idolatry, considering it irrational and beneath hu...
...sh negotiator at Hudaybiyyah who objected to writing 'Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah' in the treaty. After the Battle of...
After the death of Khadijah, the Prophet married Sawdah bint Zam'ah, a widow who ha...
...greatest scholars of Islam, transmitting over two thousand hadith. The Prophet said about her: 'The superiority of Aisha o...
...husband Khunays ibn Hudhafah died from wounds sustained at Badr, Umar sought a husband for her. He offered her in marriage...
...e nature. She was the only wife of the Prophet other than Khadijah who died during his lifetime, passing away approximatel...
...t Abi Umayyah was among the earliest converts to Islam and had migrated to Abyssinia and then to Medina with her husband A...
The Prophet sent Mu'adh ibn Jabal, one of the most learned companions in matters o...
...d: 'Is anyone missing?' The companions listed their known dead. The Prophet asked again: 'Is anyone else missing?' They sa...
... slave in Mecca, eventually coming into the possession of Khadijah, who gave him to the Prophet. The Prophet freed him and...
...rced the ship back. His wife Umm Hakim bint al-Harith, who had already accepted Islam, went to the Prophet and secured his...
...f the Quraysh. He specifically ordered that only those who had fought at Uhud the previous day could join. The wounded, ba...
...cluded, the Prophet ordered his companions to shave their heads, slaughter their sacrificial animals, and exit ihram, as t...
...d much of Sha'ban. He would spend the last ten nights of Ramadan in i'tikaf (spiritual retreat) in the mosque, seeking Lay...
...thing I failed to do: "Why didn't you do that?"' When Anas made a mistake, the Prophet would say nothing, and if someone i...
Dimad ibn Tha'labah al-Azdi was a man from Yemen who practiced ru...
...their bishop Abu Harithah ibn Alqamah and their political leader al-Aqib Abd al-Masih. The Prophet invited them to Islam, ...
...y of both Mecca and Jerusalem in Islam and confirming Muhammad's position as the seal and leader of all prophets. During t...
...rikingly handsome man, and when he entered, the Prophet spread his cloak for him to sit on and said to the companions: 'Wh...
... Peninsula. The most prominent was Musaylimah ibn Habib al-Kadhdhab (the Liar) of Banu Hanifah in Yamama, who wrote to the...
...and of Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah, the son of his beloved adopted son Zayd who had been martyred at the Battle of Mu'tah...
The final Prophet and Messenger of Allah, sent as a mercy to all of mankind.
The first human being and first prophet, created by Allah from clay.
Prophet sent to the people of Ad, who were destroyed for rejecting his message.
...helped build the Kabah and is the ancestor of Prophet Muhammad.
Prophet sent to the people of Madyan, calling them to honest trade and worship of Allah.
First wife of the Prophet and the first person to accept Islam.
The first wife of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and the first person to accept Islam. A successful busine...
Leader of Quraysh who accepted Islam at the conquest of Mecca.
A Persian companion who suggested digging the trench at the Battle of al-Khandaq.
The Prophet's paternal uncle, titled 'The Lion of Allah' and 'The Master of the Martyrs.' Hamzah's conversion was a turning point for early Islam, and he was ma
The first adult male to accept Islam and the first Rightly-Guided Caliph...
Conqueror of Egypt and a shrewd political and military leader.
One of the ten promised Paradise, a wealthy companion who gave generously for Islam.
One of the ten promised Paradise and among the first eight to accept Islam. Abdur-Rahman ...
...st converts, known for his extreme asceticism and outspoken advocacy for the poor. The Prophet described him as the most t...
Adopted son of the Prophet and the only companion mentioned by...
One of the ten promised Paradise, called the trustee of this ummah by the Prophet.
One of the ten promised Paradise, called by the Prophet 'the Trustworthy One of this Umma...
Chief of the Aws tribe whose judgment on Banu Qurayza matched the judgment of Allah.
One of the ten promised Paradise, among the earliest converts to Islam.
One of the ten promised Paradise and among the first eight to embrace Islam. Talhah was r...
One of the ten promised Paradise and the son of the Prophet's aunt Safiyyah. Az-Zubayr wa...
One of the ten promised Paradise who shielded the Prophet with his body at Uhud.
One of the ten promised Paradise, the disciple (hawari) of the Prophet.
One of the ten promised Paradise, conqueror of Persia and founder of Kufa.
...ompanion and scribe of revelation who became the first Umayyad caliph.
The most prolific narrator of hadith among the Companions, transmitting over 5,300 hadith.
The most knowledgeable of the ummah in halal and haram according to the Prophet.
Youngest daughter of the Prophet and wife of Ali, leader of the women of Paradise.
A prolific narrator of hadith and one of the last surviving companions in Medina.
...nd one of the last Companions to die, narrating over 2,200 hadith.
...ne of the greatest scholars of Islam, narrating over 2,200 hadith.
A major hadith narrator from the Ansar who participated in twelve battl...
Son of Caliph Umar, known for his strict adherence to the Sunnah and narration of approximately 2,630 h...
A devout companion who had permission from the Prophet to write down hadith, narrating...
The first child born among the Muhajirun in Madinah and the son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Asma bint Abi Ba...
...ophet through Fatimah and Ali, called by the Prophet 'the leader of the youth of Paradise.' Hassan briefly became caliph a...
...ophet through Fatimah and Ali, called by the Prophet 'the leader of the youth of Paradise.' Husayn was martyred at the Bat...
A prominent Ansari companion known for his bravery and generosity at Uhud.
Hosted the Prophet in his home when he first arrived in Medina during the Hijrah.
The second wife of the Prophet after Khadijah, known for her generosity.
A female companion who had memorized the Quran and was permitted by the Prophet to lea...
... about her husband, prompting the revelation of Surah al-Mujadilah.
The leading jurist of Medina among the Tabiin and one of the seven f...
Umayyad governor of North Africa (Ifriqiya) who oversaw the conques...
A leading Tabii mufassir who studied the entire Quran with Ibn Abb...
One of the seven great jurists of Madinah and a pioneer of Islamic historiography. The son of Zub...
A leading Tabii of Basra, famous for dream interpretation and stri...
Grandson of Abu Bakr and one of the seven fuqaha of Medina.
The leading faqih of Kufa among the Tabiin, a key figure in the deve...
Pioneer of hadith recording and one of the most important narrators, teach...
One of the greatest hadith scholars in Islamic history and the first to systematica...
... scholar of Basra renowned for his knowledge of tafsir and hadith.
The eighth Umayyad caliph, often called the fifth Rightly Guided Caliph for hi...
The fifth Rightly-Guided Caliph, an Umayyad ruler who restored justice and is counted among the Tabiin.
One of the most reliable and pious hadith transmitters among the later Tabi'in. Ayyub was universa...
...e Hanafi school of jurisprudence, the most widely followed madhab in the world.
...e Hanafi school of jurisprudence, the most widely followed madhab in the world. Known as al-Imam al-A'zam (the greatest im...
Berber Muslim military commander who led the Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 92 AH (711 CE). The Ro...
Student and freed slave of Ibn Abbas, a leading authority on tafsir.
A leading scholar of Yemen among the Tabiin, student of Ibn Abbas.
Author of the earliest biography of Prophet Muhammad, preserved through Ibn Hisham editing.
The leading scholar of the Levant whose madhab was dominant in Syria...
Founder of the Maliki school and author of al-Muwatta, the Imam of Dar al-Hijrah (Medina).
... author of al-Muwatta, one of the earliest compilations of hadith and fiqh. Known as the Imam of Dar al-Hijrah.
The leading scholar of Egypt in his time, said by some to be more kn...
The greatest scholar of Egypt in his era, whom ash-Shafi'i considered more knowledgeable than Malik in fiqh. Al-Layth was enormously wealthy and legendarily gen
Called the Commander of the Believers in Hadith, a major faqih and muhaddith of Kufa.
A leading muhaddith and scholar of Mecca, teacher of ash-Shafii an...
A renowned ascetic and hadith transmitter who, according to tradition, was a highway r...
... Hanifah and the first to hold the title of Chief Justice (Qadi al-Qudat).
...praised as 'the scholar of the East,' combining mastery of hadith, fiqh, jihad, and commerce. Ibn al-Mubarak authored some...
One of the founding fathers of hadith criticism (ilm ar-rijal), al-Qattan set the standards fo...
A leading muhaddith and teacher of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and ash-Shafii...
Student of Abu Hanifah who codified the Hanafi madhab in six foundational texts.
A leading hadith critic and teacher of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, pivotal i...
Founder of the Shafii school and pioneer of usul al-fiqh with his foundational work al-Risalah.
Arab polymath, teacher of Sibawaih, and inventor of Arabic prosody (ilm al-arud). Compiled Kitab al-Ayn, the first comprehensive Arabic dictionary, and laid the
A versatile scholar excelling in hadith, fiqh, jihad, and asceticism, called the Commander of th...
...hor of al-Musannaf, one of the earliest and most important hadith compilations.
A principal student of Abu Hanifah who codified Hanafi jurisprudence in six foundational texts known as Zahir ar-Riwayah. Also studied under Imam Malik in Medin
...shed the legendary Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad, making it the intellectual capital of the world.
Founder of the Shafi'i school and pioneer of usul al-fiqh (principles of jurisprudence). His book al-Risalah is the first systematic work on Islamic legal theor
Author of al-Musannaf, one of the largest early hadith compilations with athar of the Companions.
One of the greatest hadith critics in history, pioneered the science of narrator ev...
Imam al-Bukhari teacher and one of the greatest experts in hadith chains and narrator criticism.
Founder of the Hanbali school and compiler of the Musnad, famous for his steadfastness during the Mihna.
A prominent early ascetic and student of Abu Sulayman ad-Darani. Known for his piety, renunciation of worldly life, ...
Founder of the Hanbali school and compiler of the Musnad. Famous for his steadfastness during the Mihna (inquisition...
Author of at-Tabaqat al-Kubra, the first major biographical dictionary of the Prophet companions and successors.
Compiler of the Musnad ad-Darimi (Sunan ad-Darimi), an important early hadith coll...
Compiler of the Musnad ad-Darimi, teacher of Muslim, at-Tirmidhi, and Abu Dawud.
Compiler of Sahih al-Bukhari, the most authentic hadith collection, selecting 7,275 hadith from over 600,000.
...iler of Sahih al-Bukhari, the most authentic collection of hadith. Selected 7,275 hadith from over 600,000 narrations over...
Compiler of Sunan Abu Dawud, one of the six canonical hadith collections focused on legal rulings.
Compiler of Sahih Muslim, the second most authentic hadith collection.
...r of Sahih Muslim, the second most authentic collection of hadith after Sahih al-Bukhari. A student of Imam al-Bukhari.
...mi at-Tirmidhi, notable for including fiqh discussions and hadith grading with each narration.
Compiler of Sunan Ibn Majah, the sixth of the canonical hadith collections.
...uding scholarly evaluations and fiqh discussions with each hadith. A student of Imam al-Bukhari.
Leading grammarian of the Basra school and author of al-Kamil fi...
A polymath and leading authority on Arabic literature, Quranic sciences, and ha...
Compiler of Sunan an-Nasai, known for his strict grading criteria among the six collections.
Compiler of Sunan an-Nasai, known for his strict grading criteria, making his collection arguably the most rigoro...
...emphasis on grounding spiritual experience in the Shari'ah made him a model for orthodox tasawwuf.
A leading muhaddith and author of Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, called the ...
Author of the monumental Tafsir at-Tabari and Tarikh at-Tabari, the most comprehensive classical tafsir.
Author of the monumental Tafsir at-Tabari and Tarikh at-Tabari (History of Prophets and Kings). His tafsir is the most comprehensive classical commentary on the
Author of al-Aqidah at-Tahawiyyah, the most widely accepted summary of Sunni creed, and a major Hanafi jurist.
Compiler of three major hadith encyclopedias: al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, a...
...ed to Sunni orthodoxy and developed a rational defense of traditional creed that became dominant across the Muslim world.
Author of Sahih Ibn Hibban, a major hadith collection organized by fiqh topics.
One of the greatest hadith critics, author of Sunan ad-Daraqutni and al-Ilal.
Author of Maalim as-Sunan, one of the earliest commentaries on Sunan Abu Dawud.
Author of al-Mustadrak, a supplement collecting hadith meeting Bukhari and Musl...
A leading Ash'ari theologian and Shafi'i jurist who compiled the m...
Author of Hilyat al-Awliya, a monumental biographical encyclopedia of pious Muslims from the Companions to the early Sufis. Also compiled Dala'il an-Nubuwwah on
A leading Maliki scholar of al-Andalus, author of at-Tamhid and al...
A major Shafii muhaddith, author of as-Sunan al-Kubra, one of the largest hadith...
Author of Tarikh Baghdad and pioneering works on hadith methodology.
Author of Maalim at-Tanzil (tafsir) and Sharh as-Sunnah, called the Reviver of the Sunnah.
Author of Ihya Ulum ad-Din, one of the most influential works on Islamic spiritual...
Hanbali scholar and preacher of Baghdad whose sermons drew thousands, known for reviving Islamic le...
Author of al-Ansab, a biographical dictionary organizing scholars by their nisbah (geographic/tribal attribution).
A prolific Hanbali scholar and preacher of Baghdad, author of over 700 works.
Author of Mafatih al-Ghayb (at-Tafsir al-Kabir), a monumental tafsir rich in theological and philosophical discussion.
Author of an-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith, a comprehensive dictionary of rare hadith terms.
Author of the Muqaddimah on hadith sciences, the foundational manual for hadith...
Author of Badai as-Sanai, one of the most organized and comprehensive Han...
...al-Haramayn for his years teaching in Mecca and Medina. A leading Ash'ari theologian and Shafi'i jurist, and the teacher o...
...wn as Hujjat al-Islam (Proof of Islam). Author of Ihya Ulum ad-Din, a comprehensive guide to Islamic spirituality and prac...
Chief judge and secretary of state under Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi. A master of Arabic prose and a brilliant adm...
...of the Ayyubid dynasty who liberated Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 583 AH (1187 CE). Renowned in both Muslim and Europea...
Moroccan scholar and founder of the Shadhili Sufi order, one of the most widespread Sufi brotherhood...
Persian scholar, jurist, and one of the most celebrated poets in history. His Masnavi, a six-volume spiritual poem, is called 'the Quran in the Persian language
Author of Anwar at-Tanzil wa-Asrar at-Ta'wil, one of the most widely studied tafsirs in Islamic seminaries. A Shafi'i jurist and Ash'ari theologian.
...inent Hanafi jurist and Maturidi theologian. Author of Kanz ad-Daqa'iq, a concise fiqh manual, and Madarik at-Tanzil, a wi...
Author of Riyad as-Salihin, the Forty Hadith, and the commentary on Sahih M...
...l-Kamal, the most comprehensive biographical dictionary of hadith narrators.
Egyptian Maliki scholar and the third master of the Shadhili Sufi order. Author of al-Hikam al-Ata'iyyah, a collecti...
The foremost historian of Islam and hadith critic, author of Siyar Alam an-Nubala (biographies of n...
Persian grammarian known for his two masterful commentaries: one on Ibn al-Hajib's al-Kafiyah (syntax) and one on his ash-Shafiyah (morphology). These commentar
...irituality. His works on the heart and soul remain widely read.
...uthored at-Tashil li Ulum at-Tanzil, a concise and widely read tafsir, and al-Qawanin al-Fiqhiyyah, a comparative fiqh man...
Egyptian grammarian and author of Qatr an-Nada and Mughni al-Labib, two of the most widely studied Arabic...
...luential Sufi brotherhoods. Emphasized silent dhikr, strict adherence to the Sunnah, and sobriety in spiritual practice.
A leading Shafi'i jurist of Egypt who served as chief judge and wa...
A leading hadith scholar who authored al-Mughni an Haml al-Asfar, ...
Shafii scholar and author of Tabaqat ash-Shafiiyyah al-Kubra, the largest biographical dictionary of Shafii scholars.
Pioneer of historiography and sociology, author of the Muqaddimah on philosophy of history.
..., author of Jami al-Ulum wal-Hikam (commentary on the 40+2 hadith of Nawawi).
Author of Umdat al-Qari, a major Hanafi commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari.
Author of Fath al-Bari, the most authoritative commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari.
Author of Fath al-Qadir, a major Hanafi commentary combining narration-based and ...
The foremost student of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. Author of ad-Daw al-Lami, a biographical dictionary of 15th-century figu...
Shaykh al-Islam of Egypt and a leading Shafi'i authority. Authored commentaries on major works ...
...chitecture who spoke multiple languages and studied under leading scholars.
One of the most prolific authors in Islamic history with over 500 works, co-author of Tafsir al-Jalalayn.
Author of Irshad as-Sari li-Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari, an acclaimed commentary ...
... Hanbali scholar of usul al-fiqh and author of Muntaha al-Iradat.
...nces. Also wrote az-Zawajir on major sins and al-Fatawa al-Hadithiyyah.
Known as the 'Little Shafi'i' (ash-Shafi'i as-Saghir) for his authority in the school. Author of Nihayat al-Muhtaj, one of the two most authoritative late Shafi
...ntary on Mishkat al-Masabih. Also wrote important works on hadith fabrication and Quranic recitation.
Author of Zad al-Mustaqni, the most studied Hanbali fiqh matn in the Arab...
Palestinian Hanafi jurist and mufti whose fatwa collection al-Fatawa al-Khayriyyah became a standard reference in Ottoman courts. He was the foremost Hanafi aut
...Hanbali fiqh texts that are still relied upon for the mu'tamad (authoritative position) of the school.
Ottoman Hanafi jurist and author of ad-Durr al-Mukhtar, a concise yet comprehensive manual of Hana...
...cholar and author of Subul as-Salam, a major commentary on hadith of legal rulings.
Hanbali reformer who called for purifying tawhid, author of Kitab at-Tawhid.
The most influential scholar of the Indian subcontinent, translator of the Quran into Persian.
A Hanbali scholar from Najd who led a revival movement emphasizing tawhid (monotheism) and opposing practices he deemed polytheistic. Author of Kitab at-Tawhid.
Egyptian Maliki jurist and author of ash-Sharh al-Kabir, a major commentary on Mukhtasar Khalil. Also authored Aqrab al-Masalik, a concise Maliki fiqh manual wi
Egyptian Maliki jurist and author of the Hashiyat ad-Dusuqi, a supercommentary on ad-Dardir's Sharh al-Kabir. Hi...
...emeni scholar and author of Nayl al-Awtar, a comprehensive hadith commentary on legal rulings.
Author of Radd al-Muhtar, the most authoritative late Hanafi reference wo...
...hensive and erudite tafsirs ever written. The Mufti of Baghdad who drew from virtually every major tafsir tradition.
...hor of over 200 works in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and a leading figure in the Ahl al-Hadith movement in the Indian subco...
...Muslim unity against European colonialism. Teacher of Muhammad Abduh and a catalyst for Islamic reform movements.
Indian Hanafi scholar and hadith expert, author of at-Taliq al-Mumajjad on al-Muwatta.
Indian Hanafi scholar and muhaddith who authored over 100 works in his short life of 39 yea...
Egyptian Islamic reformer and Grand Mufti of Egypt who advocated for modernizing Islamic education.
Indian Hanafi scholar and founder of the Barelvi movement. Author of Fatawa Ridawiyyah (30 volumes) and the Urdu Quran translation Kanz al-Iman. A prolific writ
Indian hadith scholar and author of Awn al-Ma'bud, a major commentary ...
Author of Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi, a major commentary on Jami at-Tirmidhi.
Indian Hanafi scholar and leading figure of the Deobandi school, known as Hakim al-Ummah (...
...of al-Manar journal, continued the reform movement of Muhammad Abduh.
Author of Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi, the most comprehensive and widely used commentary on Jam...
Kashmiri scholar and head teacher of hadith at Darul Uloom Deoband. Known for his ext...
Philosopher, poet, and political thinker who inspired the creation of Pakistan.
Ottoman-era Hanafi scholar who served as deputy to the last Shaykh al-Islam of the Ottoman Empire.
Indian scholar and founder of the Tablighi Jama'at, one of the largest Islamic grassroots movements in the world. Emphasized door-to-door dawah and self-reforma
Author of Taysir al-Karim ar-Rahman, a widely studied tafsir known for its clarity and accessibility.
...scholar and author of Taysir al-Karim ar-Rahman, a widely read tafsir known for its clarity and accessibility. He was the ...
Egyptian hadith scholar who produced critical editions of Musnad Ahmad a...
Egyptian scholar who founded the Ansar as-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyyah organization in 1926. Dedicated his life to spreading ...
Former Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia and teacher of Ibn Baz.
...udi Arabia from 1953 until his death. A descendant of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and teacher of Ibn Baz. His collected fat...
Yemeni hadith scholar and researcher at Umm al-Qura Library, known for...
...horities on Islamic law in the modern period. Author of al-Madkhal al-Fiqhi al-Amm and a pioneer in codifying Islamic lega...
Author of Adwa al-Bayan, a tafsir that explains the Quran by the Quran, ...
Mauritanian scholar and author of Adwa' al-Bayan, a tafsir that explains the Quran through the Q...
...krayat) and accessible books on Islam reached millions of readers across the Arab world.
One of the foremost hadith scholars of the modern era, spending decades grading tho...
Syrian Hanafi hadith scholar who produced critical editions of major hadith w...
Egyptian-Qatari scholar and chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars. Author of over 120 books including The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam, a
Saudi scholar and former Mufti of the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Known for his teaching, fatwa work, and his commentary on Sunni creed texts.
Albanian-Syrian hadith scholar who produced definitive critical editions of Mus...
A major Hanbali scholar known for his extensive commentary on jurisprudence and theology.
...an-born Shafi'i scholar who settled in Mecca and became a leading authority in Shafi'i fiqh and Ash'ari theology. Known fo...
Syrian scholar and author of al-Fiqh al-Islami wa-Adillatuhu, a comprehensive comparative fiqh encyclopedia.
Saudi scholar and former head of the Sunnah department at the Islamic University of Medin...
Syrian scholar and author of al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh, a comprehensive encyclopedia of Islamic jurispruden...
Yemeni hadith scholar who established Dar al-Hadith in Dammaj, known f...
Yemeni hadith scholar who established Dar al-Hadith in Dammaj, Yemen. ...
Saudi hadith scholar and former vice-chancellor of the Islamic Univer...
...holar, former judge of the Shariah Appellate Bench, and a leading authority on Islamic finance.
...ik), a major Shafi'i fiqh manual, and is a murshid in the Shadhili Sufi order.
Mauritanian polymath scholar known for his encyclopedic knowledge across all Islamic sciences.
British Hanafi scholar and founder of Darul Iftaa, known for contemporary fiqh rulings.
One of the most prominent female hadith scholars of the 8th-9th century AH, who held ijazahs fro...
A distinguished female hadith scholar from the Hanbali tradition who narrated from maj...
Founder of the Suhrawardiyyah Sufi order and author of 'Awarif al-Ma'arif,' a key text on Sufi practice and ethics.
Leading authority on Quranic recitations (qira'at) and author of...
Minangkabau scholar who served as Imam of the Shafi'i school at Masjid al-Haram and mentored major Indonesian reformist scholars.
Senegalese Sufi scholar and founder of the Muridiyyah order, known for his pacifist resistance to French colonialism.
Leading Syrian Shafi'i scholar and professor at Damascus Univers...
...of Egypt, Shafi'i jurist and Azhari scholar known for his traditional Islamic scholarship and engagement with contemporary...
...zhar since 2010, one of the most influential Sunni Muslim leaders in the world.
British Muslim scholar, Dean of the Cambridge Muslim College, and one of the most influential Western Muslim intellectuals.
...r of Dar al-Mustafa in Tarim, one of the most influential traditional Islamic learning centers in the world.
Syrian hadith scholar based in Medina, renowned for his critical editi...
Moroccan hadith master and prolific author known for his independent sch...
Moroccan hadith master and elder brother of Abdullah al-Ghumari, known f...
Indian Deobandi scholar and author of 'Ma'arif al-Hadith,' a popular hadith compilation widely read in the Indian...
Shadhili Sufi master and author of 'al-Hikam' (Aphorisms), one o...
Early Sufi master and theologian known for his works on self-examination (muhasabah) and inner spiritual discipline.
Pioneering female Sufi saint of Basra, celebrated for her doctrine of pure, selfless love of God.
Classical scholar of aqeedah and ethics, author of 'ash-Shari'ah,' a foundational text on Sunni creed.
Shafi'i scholar and author of 'Sharh Usul I'tiqad Ahl as-Sunnah,' a foundational compilation on Sunni creed.
...cholar of Nishapur, author of 'Aqidat as-Salaf wa Ashab al-Hadith' on the creed of the early scholars.
Andalusian Maliki jurist and hadith master, author of 'at-Tamhid' and 'al-Istidhkar,' major ...
Author of the 'Muqaddimah' on hadith sciences, the foundational textbook that sh...
Prolific Baghdadi scholar who authored hundreds of works on Islamic ethics, ...
...Taj al-Arus,' the largest Arabic dictionary, and 'Ithaf as-Sadah,' a commentary on al-Ghazali's Ihya.
..., teacher of an-Nawawi, author of 'ar-Rawdatayn' on the Crusades era.
Egyptian hadith master and author of 'at-Targhib wat-Tarhib,' a celebrat...
Early Sufi scholar and author of 'Khatm al-Awliya' (The Seal of the Saints), a pioneering work on the concept of sainthood in Islam.
Moroccan Maliki jurist and Sufi reformer, author of 'Qawa'id at-Tasawwuf' (Principles of Sufism) and commentaries on the Hikam.
Moroccan Maliki scholar, author of 'al-Murshid al-Mu'in,' a widely memorized didactic poem on fiqh, aqeedah, and tasawwuf.
Ash'ari theologian and Shafi'i judge, author of 'al-Mawaqif,' one of the most comprehensive treatises on Islamic theology.
Prolific Egyptian Shafi'i jurist and hadith scholar, one of the most productive authors in Islamic h...
Egyptian hadith scholar, author of 'Majma az-Zawa'id,' a comprehensive c...
Yemeni scholar known for advocating return to the Quran and Sunnah, author of 'al-Awasi...
Damascene scholar and author of 'Subul al-Huda war-Rashad,' one of the most comprehensive books on the Prophetic biog...
...olar from a distinguished scholarly family, known for his traditional Islamic teaching and work in counter-extremism.
Berber religious reformer and founder of the Almohad movement in the Maghreb, known for his emphasis on divine u...
Syrian Shadhili scholar and author of 'Haqa'iq an at-Tasawwuf' (Realiti...
...an Caliphate and a fierce defender of the Hanafi-Maturidi tradition in the modern era.
Indian Hanafi prodigy who authored over 100 scholarly works before dying at age 39, renowned for his encyclopedic knowledge across Islamic sciences.
...di scholar celebrated for his extraordinary memory and his hadith commentary 'Fayd al-Bari,' a masterwork on Sahih al-Bukh...
Founder of Muhammadiyah, one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia,...
Historian and hadith scholar of Jurjan, author of 'Tarikh Jurjan,' a major bi...
Hanbali scholar of Herat and author of 'Manazil as-Sa'irin' (Stations of the Wayfarers), a classic Sufi manual on the spiritual path.
Author of 'al-Qamus al-Muhit,' one of the most famous and comprehensive dictionaries of the Arabic language.
Acehnese scholar who studied in Arabia and became the leading Islamic authority in Southeast Asia, producing the first...
Mufti of the Shafi'i school in Mecca and historian, author of works on Prophetic biography and the history of Mecca.
Egyptian Shafi'i jurist and father of Shams ad-Din ar-Ramli, both major authorities in later Shafi'i juris...
Maliki jurist and author of 'al-Madkhal,' a detailed work on Islamic etiquette, religious pract...
... the famous commentary on Ibn Hajar's 'Bulugh al-Maram' on hadiths of legal rulings.
Egyptian scholar and author of 'Fayd al-Qadir,' the most extensive commentary on as-Suyuti's 'al-Jami a...
...f 'Bariqa Mahmudiyyah,' a commentary on 'at-Tariqa al-Muhammadiyyah' on Islamic ethics and practice.
...din, who continued his father's legacy with supplements and additions to the 'Radd al-Muhtar.'
West African Fulani scholar who settled in Medina and authored 'Iqa dh al-Himam,' a work on following evidence over blind imitation.
Moroccan Maliki mufti and author of 'al-Mi'yar al-Jadid,' a massive collection of Maliki fatwas from North Africa...
...elebrated work on the rights and honor of the Prophet Muhammad.
Shafi'i jurist and first teacher at the Nizamiyyah Madrasa in Baghdad, author of 'al-Muhadhdhab' and 'at-Tanbih' i...
Major Shafi'i jurist from Qazwin whose 'al-Aziz' served as one of the two foundational texts that an-Nawawi later refined in his works.
...tual works including 'Risalat al-Mu'awanah' and 'an-Nasa'ih ad-Diniyyah.'
Hadhrami Ba'Alawi scholar who authored 'Simthut Thahabin,' a de...
Hanbali jurist and theologian of Baghdad, author of 'al-Funun,' reportedly the largest book ever wri...
Chief Hanbali judge of Baghdad and systematizer of Hanbali theology, author of 'al-Ahkam a...
Leading student of Ibn Taymiyyah and author of 'al-Furu' and 'al...
...st and author of 'Kashshaf al-Qina' and 'Sharh Muntaha al-Iradat,' the two definitive references of late Hanbali jurisprud...
Sindhi hadith scholar based in Medina who taught Shah Waliullah Dehlaw...
Indian Islamic scholar and author of 'Madha Khasira al-Alam bi Inhitat al-Muslimin' (What the World L...
...essible fiqh textbooks and scholarly editions of classical hadith works.
Egyptian Islamic scholar and thinker, author of numerous influential books on Islamic ethics, Quran interpretation, and social reform.
Hanbali scholar and author of 'Shadharat adh-Dhahab,' a major biographical history organized ch...
Hanbali hadith scholar and student of Ibn Taymiyyah who died young but ...
Hanbali hadith scholar from the Maqdisi family of Damascus, compiler of...
Yemeni scholar and advocate of ijtihad, author of 'Nayl al-Awtar,' a masterful co...
Indian hadith scholar, author of 'Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi,' the most compreh...
...nian Shafi'i judge and prolific author of works defending traditional Islamic scholarship and collecting prophetic praises...
Syrian-Egyptian Islamic reformer, student of Muhammad Abduh, and author of 'Tafsir al-Manar,' an influential rati...
Chief judge of Egypt and author of 'Tadhkirat as-Sami wal-Mutakallim,' a classic text on the etique...
...famous and widely recited praise poem for the Prophet Muhammad.
Syrian hadith scholar of Albanian origin, renowned for his critical ed...
Kurdish-Qatari scholar and Secretary General of the International Union of Muslim Scholars, specialist in Islamic economics and finance.
Indian Muslim academic and author of 'Hadith Literature,' an important English...
Egyptian Azhari scholar and author of 'Fath al-Mun'im,' a modern commentary on Sahih Muslim.
Syrian Hanafi hadith scholar and editor, known for his critical editions of c...
...ppo, author of works on the attributes of the Prophet Muhammad and hadith sciences.
.... The most authentic book after the Quran. A collection of hadith compiled over 16 years, selecting from 600,000 narration...
By Imam Muslim. The second most authentic hadith collection. Known for its superior organization and meth...
By Imam Abu Dawud. Focuses on hadith relevant to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).
By Imam at-Tirmidhi. Notable for grading each hadith and mentioning scholarly differences.
... most widely used and respected tafsirs. Relies heavily on hadith and narrations of the Salaf for explanation.
By Jalal ad-Din al-Mahalli & Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. A concise and wide...
...ahman Mubarakpuri. Award-winning biography of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Won first prize in a worldwide Seerah competition held b...
By Imam an-Nawawi. A compilation of hadith covering all aspects of a Muslim's daily life, organized...
By Imam an-Nawawi. A collection of 42 hadith covering the foundations of Islam, faith, and moral cond...
By Ibn al-Qayyim. A comprehensive guide to the Prophet's life and practices, covering worship, daily life, medicine, warfare, and governance.
...ngs based directly on Quran and Sunnah, comparing all four madhabs. Widely used as an accessible introduction to Islamic j...
By Imam al-Ghazali. A monumental work covering worship, daily life, vices, and virtues. Al-Ghazali's masterpiece integrating fiqh, theology, and spiritual purif
...mentary on Sahih al-Bukhari. Considered the crown jewel of hadith commentary literature.
...dely used commentary on Sahih Muslim. Covers fiqh rulings, hadith terminology, and scholarly opinions.
By Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab. A concise work on Islamic monotheism, usi...
By Imam adh-Dhahabi. A monumental biographical dictionary covering ove...
By Imam an-Nasa'i. One of the six canonical hadith collections (Kutub as-Sittah). Known for its strict grad...
By Ibn Majah. The sixth of the canonical hadith collections. Contains approximately 4,341 hadith organiz...
... Imam Malik ibn Anas. The earliest surviving collection of hadith and the first work to systematically compile hadith alon...
By Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. One of the largest hadith collections ever comp...
By Imam ad-Darimi. An early hadith collection predating several of the...
...bn Abi Shaybah. One of the earliest and most comprehensive hadith compilations, containing over 38,000 narrations includin...
By Abdur-Razzaq as-San'ani. Among the oldest surviving hadith compilations in Islam, compiled by the great Yemeni scho...
... by the author of Sahih al-Bukhari focusing exclusively on hadith related to manners, etiquette, and moral conduct. Contai...
By Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. A concise collection of hadith that form the legal basis for Shafi'i fiqh rulings. Ibn ...
...zi. An expanded revision of al-Baghawi's Masabih as-Sunnah, adding source attributions, grading, and over 1,500 additional...
...hani al-Maqdisi. A concise collection of approximately 420 hadith agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim (muttafaq alayh), s...
By Al-Mundhiri. A major collection of hadith organized around encouragement toward good deeds and war...
By Ibn Hibban. A hadith collection organized in a unique thematic arrangement ra...
By Al-Hakim an-Naysaburi. A collection of hadith that al-Hakim argued meet the criteria of al-Bukhari and...
By Muhammad Nasir ad-Din al-Albani. A modern hadith authentication proj...
...lopedic works of legal tafsir. It covers grammar, variant readings, occasions of revelation, and abrogation alongside deta...
By Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi. Known as 'The Great Tafsir' (at-Tafsir al-Kabi...
...s from each verse, making this work popular among general readers and students. Despite its conciseness, it is considered ...
By Ibn al-Jawzi. A medium-length tafsir that excels in presenting multiple scholarly opinions concisely. Ibn al-Jawzi, the great Hanbali polymath, compiled the
By Muhammad al-Amin ash-Shinqiti. A distinguished modern tafsir that in...
By Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. A massive compilation of narration-based taf...
By Burhan ad-Din al-Marghinani. The most studied and authoritative fiqh ...
...y the famous Andalusian philosopher and jurist. Rather than advocating one school, Ibn Rushd systematically presents the p...
By Al-Hajjawi. A highly condensed abridgment of Ibn Qudamah's al-Muqni, presenting the relied-upon positions of the Hanbali school in the most concise language
By Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi. A comprehensive yet accessible Hanbali fiqh manual by the author of al-Mughni. While al-Mughni is encyclopedic and comparative, al-Ka
...i. An-Nawawi's monumental commentary on ash-Shirazi's al-Muhadhdhab, widely considered the greatest work of comparative fi...
...three major Hanafi imams (Abu Hanifah, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad ash-Shaybani), and the rational justifications for each pos...
...anafi school, serving as a super-commentary on al-Haskafi's ad-Durr al-Mukhtar. Ibn Abidin synthesized centuries of Hanafi...
By Abdullah Ba Fadl. A concise beginner-level Shafi'i fiqh manual widely studi...
...nitive work for determining the relied-upon position (mu'tamad) within the Hanbali school when internal disagreements exis...
By Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. A foundational work on Islamic legal maxims ...
...rst texts memorized by students of aqeedah in the Hanbali tradition.
...Ash'ari explicitly aligns himself with the creed of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and the Ahl al-Hadith, affirming divine attribut...
... refutes Shia theological claims point by point, while also addressing issues of creed, politics, and history from the Sun...
By Ibn Khuzaymah. An early hadith-based work on the divine attributes compiled by the grea...
By Al-Lalika'i. A massive compilation of creedal statements and narrations from the Prophet, the Companions, the Tabi'in, and later scholars of Ahl us-Sunnah, o
...amous and widely relied upon biography of the Prophet Muhammad. Ibn Hisham edited and annotated the earlier Sirah of Ibn I...
...ineage, conversion, participation in battles, narration of hadith, and personal qualities. An indispensable source for the...
...story from creation through the prophets, the life of Muhammad, the Rashidun caliphate, the Umayyads, and the Abbasids up ...
.... The work is the primary source for the history of the Crusades from the Muslim perspective and the Mongol destruction of...
By Muhammad Yusuf al-Kandhlawi. A comprehensive compilation of narratio...
... verified each person's status as a Companion using strict hadith methodology, distinguishing between confirmed Companions...
By Ibn Khaldun. A groundbreaking introduction to Ibn Khaldun's universal history, widely regarded as the first work of sociology, historiography, and philosophy
By Qadi Iyad. A beloved work on the rights, qualities, and miracle...
...ions of his larger historical work. Ibn Kathir applied his hadith expertise to evaluate the chains of narration for each e...
...ost balanced work on Islamic spirituality from the Athari tradition.
...ich itself was a purified version of al-Ghazali's Ihya Ulum ad-Din. Ibn Qudamah removed the weak and fabricated hadith fro...
...b al-Hanbali. An extensive commentary on an-Nawawi's Forty Hadith plus eight additional hadith, totaling fifty narrations....
...f-contained gem of spiritual wisdom, making this a widely read devotional text.
By Ibn Muflih. A comprehensive manual of Islamic etiquette and character covering every aspect of a Muslim's social and personal life. Ibn Muflih, a student of
... Also known as al-Jawab al-Kafi in some editions, this work addresses the devastating effects of sins on the individual an...
...all earlier grammar versifications and remains the standard advanced grammar text in traditional Islamic education. Ibn Aq...
...zing entries by root letters and providing Quranic verses, hadith, poetry, and prose examples for each word. It remains th...
...ridges the gap between the elementary al-Ajrumiyyah and the advanced Alfiyyah of Ibn Malik. Ibn Hisham, widely regarded as...
...nches of balaghah: ma'ani (meanings), bayan (clarity), and badi' (embellishment) with clear definitions, Quranic examples,...
...exts, abrogation, consensus, analogical reasoning, and ijtihad. Despite its brevity, it became one of the most widely taug...
By Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi. The most important work of usul al-fiqh in the Hanbali school. Ibn Qudamah based it on al-Ghazali's al-Mustasfa while incorporating t
...gues for the strongest view based on evidence. Ash-Shawkani advocates for ijtihad over taqlid throughout the work, making ...
...usul al-fiqh in Sunni Islam, alongside ar-Risalah, al-Mu'tamad, and al-Burhan. Al-Ghazali systematized legal theory with p...
By Qadi Abu Yusuf. Written at the request of Caliph Harun ar-Rashi...
...ycles, population dynamics, and the relationship between nomadic and urban societies. Widely regarded as one of the most i...
...l-Mizzi. The most comprehensive biographical dictionary of hadith narrators in Islamic scholarship. Al-Mizzi compiled deta...
... al-Asqalani. The most widely studied introductory text on hadith terminology (mustalah al-hadith). Ibn Hajar condensed th...
... detailed and widely referenced intermediate-level text on hadith methodology. As-Suyuti explains every term and concept i...
...s related to the Quran including its compilation, variant readings, occasions of revelation, abrogation, Meccan and Medina...
...andard commentary on Sahih Muslim, an-Nawawi explains each hadith with its linguistic meanings, fiqh rulings, and the posi...
By Ibn al-Qayyim. A wide-ranging work that begins as a treatise on the virtue of knowledge and expands into a comprehensive discussion of divine wisdom in creat
...Qayyim identifies the various methods by which Shaytan misleads human beings and prescribes specific remedies from the Qur...
By Qadi Iyad. One of the most beloved works on the Prophet Muhamma...
By Imam at-Tirmidhi. A hadith collection dedicated to describing the Prophet's physica...
...ranslated into dozens of languages and is the most widely read seerah in the contemporary Muslim world.
...ence. Al-Ghazali's clear prose and systematic organization made complex legal discussions accessible to students.
...s 20 propositions of Aristotelian-Neoplatonic philosophy as adopted by Muslim philosophers like Ibn Sina and al-Farabi. He...
...l crisis and the journey that led him from the heights of academic fame through radical skepticism to eventual spiritual c...
By Shah Waliullah ad-Dihlawi. A groundbreaking work that attempts to explain the...
...ining the unique identity of the Muslim community. The work addresses festivals, customs, dress, and other areas where ext...
By Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab. A concise treatise addressing the common ...
By Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab. A short but foundational text on the thre...
...ng the mushaf, the merits of specific surahs, and practical advice for memorization. This work has served as the standard ...
By Ibn Nujaym al-Misri. A major commentary on Kanz ad-Daqa'iq in Hanafi jurisprudence. Ibn Nujaym provides clear ...
...risprudence organized by legal principles rather than the traditional chapter format. Al-Kasani rearranged his teacher's w...
...anafi, Maliki, and Shafi'i schools. Known for its rigorous hadith-based methodology and sharp argumentation.
...aqa al-Akhbar by Ibn Taymiyyah's grandfather, covering the hadith evidence for legal rulings. Ash-Shawkani analyzes each h...
...r, fasting, zakat, hajj). Popular as a beginner's text in traditional Islamic education, it presents the essential Hanafi ...
...tails. Widely used as an intermediate Hanafi fiqh text in traditional study circles and seminaries.
By Abu al-Barakat an-Nasafi. An extremely concise summary of Hanafi jurisprudence that became one of the most commented-upon texts in the school. Despite its br
By Imam ad-Dasuqi. A detailed gloss on ad-Dardir's Sharh al-Kabir, whi...
By Abu al-Barakat an-Nasafi. A concise yet comprehensive tafsir that draws from az-Zamakhshari and al-Baydawi while maintaining Maturidi theology. Popular in Ha
By Abu as-Su'ud al-Imadi. A literary and theological masterpiece of Quranic exegesi...
..., bringing together the insights of previous exegetes while adding the author's own analysis. Al-Alusi, the Mufti of Baghd...
By Imam al-Baghawi. A comprehensive hadith commentary that selects narrations from the six major co...
...gest of at-Tabarani's three mu'jam collections, organizing hadith by the names of the companion narrators in alphabetical ...
By Imam al-Bayhaqi. An encyclopedic collection organizing hadith according to the 'branches of faith,' based on the Proph...
By Imam al-Bayhaqi. One of the most important hadith collections for legal purposes, organizing narrations by...
By Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. A collection of narrations and reports about th...
...xt, with its numerous commentaries, forms the backbone of traditional theological education in the Maliki-Ash'ari traditio...
By Imam al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali's mature work on Islamic theology, presenting the Ash'ari creed with rational proofs in a balanced and moderate tone. The title m
By Imam al-Juwayni. An advanced work on Ash'ari theology by al-Ghazali's teacher, kno...
...entaries have been written on it, the most famous by Ibn Abbad ar-Rundi and Ahmad Zarruq.
.... Written as a practical manual for those seeking spiritual advancement.
... and recognize the subtle tricks of the ego (nafs). Imam Ahmad initially criticized al-Muhasibi but later acknowledged his...
By Imam al-Mawardi. A comprehensive work on the etiquettes of both worldly and religious life. Al-Mawardi discusses the ethics of knowledge-seeking, the duties
...of wisdom, anecdotes, and etiquettes compiled by the great hadith scholar Ibn Hibban. The work covers topics such as intel...
...tary has been the standard textbook for Arabic grammar in traditional Islamic education for centuries.
..., and other literary devices with examples from the Quran, hadith, and Arabic poetry, establishing the theoretical framewo...
By Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi. One of the most important and comprehensive wo...
By Sayf ad-Din al-Amidi. A masterwork of Islamic legal theory that bec...
...ols with sharp logic and vast textual evidence. Essential reading for understanding Islamic legal pluralism.
...pth and precision of Islamic legal reasoning. Essential for advanced fiqh students.
...akim an-Naysaburi. One of the earliest systematic works on hadith methodology, classifying the sciences of hadith into 52 ...
By Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. A comprehensive treatise on the principles of hadith tran...
By Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. A work on the etiquettes and ethics of hadith narrators a...
...pproach of earlier seerah works with Ibn Kathir's rigorous hadith methodology, critically evaluating the chains of narrati...
...hami. The most comprehensive biography of the Prophet Muhammad ever compiled, spanning twelve volumes. As-Salihi gathered ...
By Imam al-Baladhuri. A foundational work on the early Islamic conquests, co...
By Al-Mas'udi. A sweeping world history and geography by 'the Herodotus of the Arabs.' Al-Mas'udi covers the history of nations from creation to his own time, i
...es, and military commanders, as well as taxation and public administration. A foundational text for Islamic political thou...
...on of evidence and testimony, oaths, documentation, and the administration of justice. An essential reference for understa...
By Ibn as-Salah. The most influential intermediate work on hadith terminology and methodology, synthesizing the earlier wo...
...-Humam. A masterful commentary on al-Hidayah that combines hadith verification with legal analysis. Ibn al-Humam, one of t...
...ry principles, showing how individual rulings connect to broader legal reasoning. A key text for understanding Islamic leg...
By Abdul Azim Badawi. A modern comparative fiqh manual that presents rulings ...
By Ibn Abd al-Barr. An encyclopedic commentary on the hadith in Imam Malik's al-Muwatta, organized by the names of na...
...d al-Barr covers the jurisprudential issues raised by each hadith, presenting the positions of all schools with their evid...
...hib al-Kamal, the comprehensive biographical dictionary of hadith narrators. Ibn Hajar condensed the material while adding...
...at-Tahdhib, providing the essential biographical data and grading for each narrator in one or two lines. Ibn Hajar assigns...
By Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. A biographical dictionary of the scholars, hadith narrato...
By Imam al-Baladhuri. An extensive genealogical and biographical history of ...
By Sa'd ad-Din at-Taftazani. An advanced work on Islamic theology that...
By Sa'd ad-Din at-Taftazani. A widely studied commentary on Najm ad-Di...
By Taj ad-Din as-Subki. The most comprehensive biographical dictionar...
By Abd al-Qadir al-Qurashi. The most important biographical dictionary of...
...ik through the 8th century AH. Ibn Farhun documents the spread of the Maliki school across North Africa, al-Andalus, Egypt...
By Ibn Badran. An introduction to the Hanbali school of jurisprudence ...
... presents each issue systematically, noting where all four madhabs agree and where they differ, with evidence for each pos...
...eory by the first teacher at the Nizamiyyah college in Baghdad. Ash-Shirazi presents the principles of jurisprudence in a ...
...lear presentation of Shafi'i positions with their evidence made this work a standard reference for centuries.
...e to annihilation in Allah. Ibn al-Qayyim wrote his famous Madarij as-Salikin as a commentary on this work.
...iate-level Hanbali fiqh text that became the foundation for advanced study. Ibn Qudamah presents the primary positions of ...
By Baha ad-Din al-Maqdisi. A commentary on Umdat al-Fiqh, the beginner...
By Badr ad-Din az-Zarkashi. A comprehensive collection of Islamic ...
... and moral conduct. As-Samarqandi draws on Quranic verses, hadith, and stories of the righteous to awaken heedless hearts....
By Imam adh-Dhahabi. A practical guide identifying and explaining the ...
...wi, simplified for a wider audience. Al-Khazin removes the hadith chains and focuses on meaning, making it particularly su...
...ntary on the entire Quran designed for the general Muslim reader. Al-Jaza'iri explains each passage in clear, contemporary...
By Mufti Muhammad Shafi. The most comprehensive modern Urdu commentary on the...
...ive collection of authentic supplications and remembrances (adhkar) for every occasion in a Muslim's daily life, from waki...
By Muhammad Yusuf al-Kandhalwi. A comprehensive biography of the Prophe...
By Ibn Rushd al-Jadd. A foundational work in Maliki jurisprudence by the grandf...
...h extensive legal reasoning. It remains a key reference for advanced Shafi'i scholarship.
...s. Ibn Battal focuses on extracting legal rulings from the hadith, presenting the views of the major schools of fiqh. Ibn ...
By Badr ad-Din al-Ayni. A comprehensive commentary on Sahih al-Buk...
By Qadi Iyad. A major commentary on Sahih Muslim by the renowned M...
...he three branches: ma'ani (meanings), bayan (clarity), and badi' (embellishment). As-Sakkaki's classification became the s...
...explains Arabic syntax with clear examples from the Quran, hadith, and poetry. It bridges the gap between beginner texts l...
...ference for anyone studying the language of the Quran at an advanced level.
...bu Nu'aym. Ibn al-Athir arranged entries alphabetically and added critical analysis. Together with al-Isabah, it forms the...
By Muhammad al-Hajwi. A comprehensive history of Islamic jurisprudence ...
...essence of the spiritual path: knowledge without action is madness, and action without sincerity is useless. This short tr...
By Imam al-Ghazali. A Persian abridgment of the Ihya Ulum ad-Din, written for a broader audience. Al-Ghazali distills th...
...ayyim al-Jawziyyah. A detailed treatment of divine decree (qadr) and predestination in Islamic theology. Ibn al-Qayyim add...
By Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. Extracted from Zad al-Ma'ad, this work compiles the Prophet's guidance on heal...
... the most celebrated works of Arabic literary criticism and adab literature.
By Ahmad al-Qastallani. A comprehensive biography of the Prophet foc...
By Wahbah az-Zuhayli. The most comprehensive modern comparative fiqh encyclopedia. Az-Zuhayli covers every area of Islamic law, presenting the views of all four
By Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ash-Shaybani. Imam Muhammad's transmission of ...
...anawi's scholarship and use of European biblical criticism made this one of the most influential Islamic apologetic works.
By Muhammad at-Tahir ibn Ashur. The most important modern work on the o...
By Muhammad at-Tahir ibn Ashur. A monumental modern tafsir that combine...
By Sayyid Qutb. A widely read modern Quranic commentary written largely while the author ...
...ides thorough analysis of legal rulings with evidence from hadith and the opinions of early Hanafi scholars.
...-Jamal. A gloss (hashiyah) on Tafsir al-Jalalayn, providing additional commentary and clarification on the concise Quranic...
...bn Hajar al-Haytami's work is particularly followed in the Hadrami, Southeast Asian, and Egyptian Shafi'i traditions.
By Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi. A foundational Shafi'i legal text that became one of the most commented-upon works in Islamic jurisprudence. Al-Nawawi's famous al-Majm
By Ahmad al-Dardir. A major commentary on Mukhtasar Khalil, the most...
By Muhammad al-Dasuqi. A detailed gloss on al-Dardir's Sharh al-Kabir, ...
By Burhan al-Din al-Marginani. The base text upon which al-Marginani built his famous al-Hidayah commentary. It combines the content of al-Quduri's Mukhtasar wi
...fi legal analysis. Ibn al-Humam combines deep knowledge of hadith with rigorous legal reasoning, examining evidence from a...
By Ibn Abidin. The most authoritative late Hanafi legal reference, commonly known as "Hashiyat Ibn Abidin." It is a massive commentary on al-Haskafi's al-Durr a
... the various narrations and positions attributed to Imam Ahmad, making it indispensable for Hanbali scholarship.
...fiqh manual that became one of the most authoritative mu'tamad texts in the school. Al-Buhuti's Kashshaf al-Qina' is the c...
...jurisprudence, covering the various narrations from Imam Ahmad. Ibn Muflih was a student of Ibn Taymiyyah and his work bec...
...uti. Al-Buhuti's commentary on Ibn al-Najjar's Muntaha al-Iradat, the other of the two central Hanbali references alongsid...
By Ibn Rushd al-Jadd. An introduction to the al-Mudawwanah by the grandfather o...
By Ibn Rushd al-Jadd. A massive commentary on al-Utbiyyah, one of the earliest ...
... that reorganizes fiqh by topic rather than following the traditional chapter order. Al-Kasani's systematic approach and c...
... by chain of narration. Ibn Abd al-Barr provides extensive hadith criticism, biographical information, and legal analysis ...
By Badr al-Din al-Ayni. One of the three greatest commentaries on ...
By Ahmad al-Qastallani. The third of the three great commentaries on...
By Qadi Iyad. A completion of al-Maziri's al-Mu'allim bi-Fawaid Mu...
... on Sahih Muslim, al-Nawawi provides clear explanations of hadith texts, discusses variant readings, explains difficult vo...
...omprehensive commentary on Jami' al-Tirmidhi by the Indian hadith scholar al-Mubarakpuri. It provides detailed explanation...
By al-Azimabadi. The most well-known commentary on Sunan Abi Dawud. Al-Azi...
...l-Ruba ala al-Mujtaba. It provides concise explanations of hadiths and their legal implications in the tradition of al-Suy...
...Zujajah. Al-Suyuti provides concise annotations clarifying hadith meanings, noting weak narrations, and connecting them to...
By Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. A critical work of hadith verification (takhrij) for the hadiths cited in al-Rafi'...
By Jamal al-Din al-Zayla'i. A groundbreaking work of hadith verification for al-Marginani's al-Hidayah. Al-Zayla'i t...
By Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi. The most comprehensive work on hadith narrator biographies in Islamic scholarship. Al-Mizzi re...
...idgment and refinement of al-Mizzi's Tahdhib al-Kamal, with additional critical assessments and corrections. Ibn Hajar's w...
...-concise summary of Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, giving a one-line grading for each narrator in the six books. It became the most p...
...Dhahabi's Mizan al-I'tidal focused on weak and discredited hadith narrators. Ibn Hajar adds corrections, additional inform...
...graphical dictionary of the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Ibn Hajar catalogues over 12,000 Companions, providing the...
...amic prophets, the seerah, the Rashidun caliphate, the Umayyads, Abbasids, and beyond.
...bn Khaldun. The full historical work of which the famous Muqaddimah is the introduction. The Kitab al-Ibar covers the hist...
By Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. The most comprehensive classical work on the...
By Badr ad-Din az-Zarkashi. A pioneering encyclopedic work on the ...
By Al-Hakim an-Naysaburi. A major hadith collection containing narrations that meet the criteria ...
By Ali ibn Umar ad-Daraqutni. A hadith collection focused on legal hadiths, co...
...he largest of at-Tabarani's three mu'jam (dictionary-style hadith) collections, organized alphabetically by the names of C...
...arrations and is known for preserving many unique (gharib) hadiths not found in other collections. Scholars value it parti...
By Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah. A collection of hadith that the au...
By Abu Hatim ibn Hibban. A major hadith collection containing narrations that Ibn Hibban authent...
By Ali ibn Umar ad-Daraqutni. A masterwork of hadith criticism identifying hid...
By Abu Ahmad ibn Adi. The most comprehensive classical work on weak hadi...
...Abi Hatim ar-Razi. A monumental biographical dictionary of hadith narrators with evaluations of their reliability. Ibn Abi...
By Shams ad-Din adh-Dhahabi. A biographical dictionary of the greatest ...
By Shams ad-Din adh-Dhahabi. A comprehensive biographical dictionary of...
By Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. An expansion and correction of adh-Dhahabi's Mizan al-I'tidal. Ibn Hajar adds narrators not f...
By Ala ad-Din al-Kasani. A major Hanafi fiqh work renowned for its ex...
By Burhan ad-Din al-Marghinani. The most studied Hanafi fiqh text in the...
By Zayn ad-Din ibn Nujaym. An important Hanafi fiqh commentary on Kanz...
By Muhammad Amin ibn Abidin. The definitive reference for Hanafi fatwa ...
By Abu al-Barakat ad-Dardir. A major Maliki fiqh commentary on the Mukhtasar of ...
By Muhammad ibn Ahmad ad-Dusuqi. The most authoritative super-commentar...
By Shams ad-Din ar-Ramli. One of the two supreme references of later Sh...
By Ala ad-Din al-Mardawi. The most important work for determining the...
By Zayn ad-Din al-Iraqi. A comprehensive hadith verification (takhrij)...
By Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. A systematic collection of Shafi'i legal max...
By Zayn ad-Din ibn Nujaym. The Hanafi counterpart to as-Suyuti's work ...
By Ahmad az-Zarqa. A clear and accessible commentary on 99 legal max...
By Ibn Khaldun. One of the most important works in the history of social science. Ibn Khaldun analyzes the rise and fall of civilizations through his concept of
... (14th century CE). Ibn Kathir combines Quranic narrative, hadith reports, and historical accounts to produce the most com...
By Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari. The most important general history in ...
By Izz ad-Din ibn al-Athir. A comprehensive universal history from th...
...Islamic spirituality that influenced al-Ghazali's Ihya Ulum ad-Din. Abu Talib al-Makki covers the spiritual dimensions of ...
...y into concise, memorable statements. Ibn Ata'illah's hikam address the heart's relationship with Allah, trust in divine w...
By Taj ad-Din as-Subki. The most comprehensive biographical dictionar...
...'tazili school, in which he affirms the theology of Imam Ahmad and the early scholars. This work is significant for unders...
... most developed form of kalam before al-Ghazali. Al-Juwayni addresses the attributes of God, prophethood, and eschatology ...
...lanced middle path between excessive rationalism and pure traditionalism. The work covers God's existence, attributes, pro...
...amiyyah, and other theological opponents. It is the primary advanced reference for Maturidi kalam.
...that would become dominant in the Hanafi world. Al-Maturidi addresses the existence of God, divine attributes, prophethood...
...versities. Az-Zuhayli presents usul al-fiqh in accessible academic language while maintaining scholarly rigor, covering so...
...hilosophical precision. This work shaped the entire later tradition of usul al-fiqh, and its logical methodology became st...
By Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi. A comprehensive and philosophically sophistica...
By Sayf ad-Din al-Amidi. One of the four foundational works of usul al...
By Taj ad-Din as-Subki. A concise and authoritative summary of usul a...
By Ala ad-Din al-Bukhari. The most comprehensive commentary on Fakhr ...
By Majd ad-Din ibn Taymiyyah. An important Hanbali fiqh manual by the ...
By Shams ad-Din ibn Muflih. A comprehensive Hanbali fiqh work that syst...
By Musa al-Hajjawi. The most studied Hanbali fiqh primer in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula. Al-Hajjawi abridged Ibn Qudamah's Al-Muqni' into a concise t
By Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Duwayyan. A well-organized and evidence-based commentar...
By Muwaffaq ad-Din ibn Qudamah. A concise yet comprehensive Hanbali fiqh m...
By Abdullah Ba-Fadl. A beginner's text in Shafi'i fiqh that is widely studied ...
By Zayn ad-Din al-Malibari. An important Shafi'i fiqh text widely stud...
By Abu Bakr ad-Dimyati. A widely used super-commentary on Fath al-Mu'in th...
By Shams ad-Din al-Khatib ash-Shirbini. An important Shafi'i fiqh comme...
By Abu Sa'id al-Baradhi'i. An influential abridgment of the Mudawwanah that reorg...
...A comprehensive Maliki fiqh manual by the great Andalusian hadith scholar Ibn Abd al-Barr. Unlike his other works which ar...
...ar, organized format. Ibn Juzayy, a Maliki scholar from Granada, created an accessible reference that allows readers to co...
By Shihab ad-Din al-Qarafi. A major Maliki fiqh encyclopedia by one of t...
By Shihab ad-Din al-Qarafi. A groundbreaking work that identifies 548 di...
...ven non-Zahiri scholars consult this work for its rigorous hadith analysis and unique legal perspectives.
...tional fiqh work of Imam ash-Shafi'i containing his 'new' (jadid) legal opinions formulated in Egypt. It covers the full r...
By Abu Muhammad al-Baghawi. A comprehensive hadith commentary that collects...
By Abu Muhammad al-Baghawi. A well-organized hadith collection that classif...
...ibrizi. An expansion of al-Baghawi's Masabih as-Sunnah that adds a third category of hadiths from additional sources. At-T...
By Imam al-Bukhari. A hadith collection focused on manners, etiquette, and social con...
By Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari. A collection of essays by the last Shayk...
By Ibn Asakir. A biographical and theological defense of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari and the Ash'ari school by the great Damascene historian.
By Shams ad-Din adh-Dhahabi. A masterful biographical encyclopedia cove...
By Izz ad-Din ibn al-Athir. A major biographical dictionary of the Co...
By Ahmad ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi. An abridgment of Ibn al-Jawzi's Min...
...Imam an-Nawawi. An-Nawawi's magisterial commentary on Al-Muhadhdhab, the most detailed work of comparative fiqh in the Sha...
By Imam an-Nawawi. A comprehensive collection of supplications and remembrances for every occasion in a Muslim's daily life.
By Muhammad ibn Ali ash-Shawkani. A comprehensive and independent treat...
By Muhammad ibn Ali ash-Shawkani. A comprehensive hadith commentary pre...
By Muhammad ibn Ismail as-San'ani. An important commentary on Ibn Hajar...
By Abu al-Ula al-Mubarakfuri. The most comprehensive commentary on Jami' at-Tirmidhi.
By Imam Malik / Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ash-Shaybani. Ash-Shaybani's narration of Imam...
By Imam ash-Shafi'i. A collection of hadiths narrated through Imam ash-Shafi'i's own chains.
By Ibn Taymiyyah. A concise treatise on Islamic governance addressing rulers' responsibilities and justice.
By Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani. A concise Maliki primer focused on worship and creed, widely used as an introduction in West African Islamic education.
...cts of worship that form the foundation of Muslim life: Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj.
The articles of faith in Islam: belief in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and Divine Decree.
...s, obligations, and recommended acts according to all four madhabs.
The rules of fasting: who must fast, what breaks the fast, exemptions, and the spiritual dimensions of Sawm.
... schools: their founders, methodologies, and geographic spread.
The methodology of hadith authentication: classification, narrator evaluation, cha...
...ious innovation, the scholarly difference between good and bad innovation, and its boundaries.
...red, obligatory acts, sunnah method, and differences among madhabs.
The history, words, method, and virtues of the Islamic call to prayer that echoes across Muslim lands five times daily.
...e deceased: its method, conditions, and rulings across the madhabs.
The voluntary night prayers of Ramadan: their origin, number of rak'ahs, and the scholarly discu...
...mosque for worship, especially in the last ten nights of Ramadan.
Beyond zakat: the unlimited reward of giving, types of sadaqah, sadaqah jariyah, and the best forms of giving.
The practice of remembering Allah: morning and evening adhkar, post-prayer supplications, and their virtues.
Directing all acts of worship exclusively to Allah. The Tawhid that every prophet called their people to.
...e reckoning, the Scale, the Bridge, and the final abode: Paradise or Hellfire.
Descriptions of Paradise from the Quran and Sunnah: its levels, gates, rivers, an...
Belief in Allah's pre-knowledge, recording, will, and creation of all things. Reconciling free will and destiny.
...he Day of Judgment as described in the Quran and authentic hadiths.
The largest madhab in the Muslim world: its founder Abu Hanifah, methodolog...
...he practice of the people of Medina, and its geographic spread.
The school that systematized usul al-fiqh: Imam al-Shafi'i, his Risalah, and the school's global influence.
The school of Imam Ahmad: text over opinion, the Musnad, and the Hanbali influence o...
When and how scholars exercise independent reasoning to derive new rulings from the Quran and Sunnah.
The first major battle in Islamic history: 313 Muslims against 1,000 Quraysh, and how divine aid secured victory.
The diplomatic turning point: how a seemingly disadvantageous treaty became the greatest victory for Islam.
The Crusader invasions, Muslim resistance, Salahuddin's reconquest of ...
From the first migration to Abyssinia to the great empires of Mali and Songhai: Islam's deep roots in Africa.
How Islam spread through trade to Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Phili...
Baghdad's legendary center of learning: the translation movement, s...
The Mongol destruction of the Abbasid capital: the devastation, aftermath, and the Muslim world's recovery.
The immense status of parents in Islam: Quranic commands, hadiths on honoring them, and the reward of kindness.
Jibril kept advising about the neighbor until the Prophet thought the neig...
The Prophetic etiquettes for eating, drinking, sleeping, greeting, visiting, and social interaction.
...evel of faith: to worship Allah as though you see Him. The hadith of Jibril and the station of ihsan.
The destructive sin of envy: its definition, spiritual damage, and the prophetic remedies for removing it from the heart.
The sin that barred Iblis from Paradise: its definition, manifestations, and the prophetic warni...
The institution that built Islamic civilization: how waqf funded mosques, schools, hospitals, and public services.
How scholars grade hadith: sahih, hasan, da'if, and mawdu. The criteria for a...
The unique Islamic system of tracing reports back to the Prophet through documented chains of human transmission.
Just took your shahada? A practical guide to the first steps: prayer, fasting, co...
The intellectual tradition of the Ottoman Empire, from Sheyhulislam fatwas to adv...
The Umayyad dynasty's role in spreading Islam from Spain to Central Asi...
...cts, recommended practices, and nullifiers across the four madhabs.
Who must fast, who is exempt, what breaks the fast, and how to make up missed days according to the four schools of thought.
The life and legacy of the Prophet's first wife, a successful businesswoman who was the first person to accept Islam.
...e remarkable scholarship of Aisha, who narrated over 2,200 hadiths and was a leading authority in fiqh, medicine, and poet...
The life of the Prophet's beloved daughter Fatimah, her devotion, her family, and her status in Islam.
How scholars classify hadiths as sahih, hasan, and da'if, and the methodology behind ...
Addressing identity, belonging, and faith challenges facing Mu...
How Islam addresses mental well-being through spiritual practices, commu...
...love, discipline, and strong Islamic values from infancy to adulthood.
...year mission, the building of the ark, and the lesson of steadfastness in the face of rejection.
The life of the Prophet's closest companion, the first adult male to accept Islam, and the leader who preserved the u...
The life of the Kurdish Muslim leader who united the Muslim world and recaptured Jerusalem with...
From the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah to the grand mosques of Istanbul, an exploration of Isl...
The creation of Adam from clay, the prostration of the angels, the test in Par...
...nd the immense rewards promised to those who endure with steadfastness.
The authentic supplications and remembrances the Prophet prescribed for morning and evening, with their sources and virtues.
... how niyyah transforms ordinary acts into worship, and the hadith 'Actions are by intentions.'
The Abyssinian slave who endured torture for his faith and became the first muezzin, symbolizing Islam's rejection of racial hierarchy.
...ianism through Christianity to Islam, and whose idea saved Madinah at the Battle of the Trench.
One of the ten promised Paradise, whose business acumen and generosity set the standard f...
...hen the Prophet and his companions migrated from Makkah to Madinah.
...er 1,000 Quraysh warriors with divine aid on the 17th of Ramadan, 2 AH.
...e a setback but which the Quran called 'a clear victory,' leading to the spread of Islam across Arabia.
...f the founder of the Hanafi school, the oldest and largest madhab in Sunni Islam.
...ol's founder, author of al-Muwatta, the earliest surviving hadith collection.
...to accept the createdness of the Quran and compiled the Musnad.
...rdinary methodology of Imam al-Bukhari, who selected 7,275 hadiths from 600,000 narrations for the most authentic hadith b...
...ture of Sahih Muslim, considered the second most authentic hadith compilation after Sahih al-Bukhari.
...talbiyah to Arafat, Muzdalifah, the stoning, and tawaf al-ifadah.
...t revealed, and how to seek it in the last ten nights of Ramadan.
...al-Fitr, the joyous reward after completing the month of Ramadan.
The significance of Eid al-Adha, the sunnah of udhiyah (qurbani), and its connection to P...
The Abbasid institution that translated Greek, Persian, and Indian texts into Arabic, catalyzing the Islamic golden age of learning.
A guide for those considering Islam: taking the shahada, the support new Muslims need, and the rights converts hav...
The Prophet said Jibril kept advising him about neighbors until he thought they would inher...
...(truthfulness), the prohibition of lying, and how honesty leads to righteousness and Paradise.
The Quran compares backbiting to eating the flesh of a dead brother. Understanding what constitutes gheebah and how to ...
...ther build the Kaaba, and the ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad.
...99 CE and the initial fragmented Muslim response to the Crusader invasion of the Levant.
The Turkish atabeg who began the Muslim counter-crusade by capturing the County of Edessa in 1144 CE.
The son of Imad al-Din Zangi who united Muslim Syria and Egypt, setting the...
The devastating Mongol campaigns that destroyed the Abbasid caliphate and reshaped the Muslim world in the 13th century.
The decisive Mamluk victory that halted the Mongol advance and preserved the western Islamic world from destructi...
The centuries-long Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula and the end of Muslim rule in Spain in 1492 CE.
The Abbasid dynasty that presided over the greatest era of Islamic intellectual, scientific, and cultural achievement.
The first hereditary Islamic dynasty that expanded Muslim rule from Spain to Central Asia and established Arabic as the language of governance.
The arrival and growth of Islam in China from the Tang Dynasty to the present day, including the Hui and Uyghur Muslim communities.
...asty that defended the Muslim world against Mongols and Crusaders and preserved Islamic civilization.
...ess for mistakes in prayer, with the positions of the four madhabs.
The recommended fast of six days in the month following Ramadan and the immense reward promised for this practice.
The prayer of the two Eids, its method, additional takbirat, and the rulings according to the four sch...
The gradual signs foretold by the Prophet Muhammad that indicate the...
What happens after death and before resurrection: the questioning by the angels, and the experience of the grave.
...slamic understanding of predestination, the four levels of Qadr, and the relationship between divine decree and human choi...
...reafter: the levels, rivers, dwellings, and pleasures of Paradise as described in revelation.
The awaited leader who will appear before the end of times to fill the earth...
... al-Hasan al-Ash'ari that became the dominant Sunni kalam tradition.
...ce in Arabic, including the sciences of ma'ani, bayan, and badi, and their role in appreciating the Quran's inimitability.
How Muslim astronomers advanced the science of the heavens, from observatories to ins...
The adoption, adaptation, and debate over Aristotelian logic in Is...
... story of Prophet Hud who was sent to the mighty people of 'Ad, their arrogance, and their destruction by a devastating wi...
... his call against commercial fraud, and the destruction of Madyan for their economic injustice.
The life and revolutionary contributions of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, whose work gave the world algebra an...
How the Quran was preserved through oral transmission and written manuscripts, from the Prophet's time to the earliest surviving copies.
The history and evolution of Islamic educational institutions, from the Prophet's mosque to contemporary Islamic schools.
The Islamic virtue of humility before Allah and toward fellow humans, and its role in spiritual purification.
How gratitude to Allah pervades every aspect of Muslim life and why it is considered the ...
The comprehensive Islamic concept of justice as a divine attribute, a prophetic mission, and an individual and collective obligation.
From the pre-Islamic odes to the Sufi poetry of Rumi and Iqbal, the role of poetry in Muslim civilization.
A survey of how Muslim scholars advanced human knowledge in science, medicine, mathematics, ph...
Key events and lessons from the Prophet's years in Madinah, from the establishment of the Muslim state to the fare...
The Islamic guidelines for students of knowledge: manners with teachers, sincerity, patience, and the spiritual dimension of learning.
The conditions, rules of engagement, and ethical constraints that govern warfare in Islamic law.
...nomic principles create an ethical framework for finance, trade, and wealth distribution.
How Muslim scholars developed a rigorous science for authenticating and classifying the sayings and actions of the Prophet.
The Islamic legal concepts of independent juristic reasoning and following qualified scholars, and the balance between them.
...for those interested in Islam and new Muslims, from the shahada to building a strong Islamic identity.
...rmed after sunrise, its timing, number of rak'ahs, and the hadith encouraging its observance.
The obligatory charity at the end of Ramadan, who must pay it, its amount, timing, and eligible recipi...
...kat applies to commercial inventory, business assets, and trade goods, with calculation methods and scholarly opinions.
...ram, why the Prophet fasted it, the recommended practice of adding the 9th or 11th, and historical context.
A detailed comparison of the three valid forms of performing Hajj, which is preferred, and the obligations unique to each type.
The ruling on sacrificing an animal during Eid al-Adha, the types of animals accepted, their conditions, and the...
... exceed the estate (awl) or when shares do not exhaust it (radd), with worked examples.
...prompt and deferred), the minimum amount according to each madhab, and the wife's absolute right to it.
The Islamic rules on child custody after divorce, the priority given to the mother, age thresholds, and conditions that affect custody rights.
... (mahram relationships) in Islamic law, the conditions for rada'ah to take effect, and its implications for marriage.
...prayer, instilling moral values, and preparing children for adult life.
... permissible forward sale in Islamic law, where payment is made upfront for goods delivered later, its conditions and agri...
The Quranic and hadith evidence against riba, the types of riba (al-fadl and al...
The Quranic descriptions of human development in the womb, the stages mentioned in Surah al-Muminun, and their correlation with modern embryology.
How the Sunnah addresses anxiety, grief, and depression through prayer, dhikr...
...cal benefits of intermittent fasting as practiced during Ramadan, including autophagy, metabolic health, and mental clarit...
Practical advice for reverts on learning prayer, finding community, deal...
...nce of tajweed, including nun sakinah rules, meem sakinah, madd (elongation), and the obligation of correct recitation.
From kuttab to madrasah to university, the historical structure of Islamic edu...
...us coexistence under Muslim rule, from the Constitution of Madinah to the Ottoman millet system and Cordoba.
...andmark agreement establishing a multi-religious polity in Madinah, its clauses, its treatment of Jews and other groups, a...
The full text and context of the Prophet's final address at Arafat during his last Hajj, its timeless teachings...
...ley, the initial retreat of Muslim forces, the Prophet's steadfastness, and the Quranic commentary on the lesson of overco...
The year when tribes across Arabia sent delegations to Madinah to accept Islam, marking the rapid expansion after the ...
... final illness, his last words and instructions, Abu Bakr's address to the grieving community, and the succession to the c...
...f apostasy after the Prophet's death, Abu Bakr's decisive leadership, the campaigns against false prophets, and the reunif...
The Muslim victory over Sassanid Persia led by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, the exchange with Rustam, and the fall of the Persian Empire.
...rusalem, and his legendary chivalry toward the defeated Crusaders.
...biography of one of Islam's greatest scholars, author of Riyad al-Salihin and the Forty Hadith, his asceticism, and his en...
...e commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari, and his contributions to hadith criticism.
The centrality of justice in Islam, Quranic mandates for fairness, the Prophet's examples, and how justice applies in family, commerce, and governance.
...ki principle of prohibiting otherwise lawful acts if they lead to harm, its application in contemporary issues, and compar...
...eat, the conditions for halal meat, seafood rulings across madhabs, food additives, and dining etiquette.
...ge and action, the characteristics of the wise in Islamic tradition, and how to cultivate it.
...promises (wa'd) and honor contracts (aqd), the Quranic and hadith evidence, and the consequences of breaking one's word.
Legal opinions addressing the unique challenges of Muslims living as minoriti...
...hasis on observation and reflection inspired a scientific tradition that shaped astronomy, chemistry, medicine, and mathem...
...ongation in Quranic recitation, from the natural two-count madd to the obligatory six-count, and how to identify each type...
How scholars distinguish between surahs revealed in Mecca and Medina, their distinctive themes, styles, and content, and why this classification matters for taf
The seven canonical modes of reciting the Quran, their chain of transmission, the differences between them, and how they enrich understanding of the text.
...interpreting the Quran through scholarly reasoning and ijtihad, its conditions for validity, and the difference between pr...
The unbroken tradition of memorizing the entire Quran, the methods used, the ...
...s, Musa and al-Khidr, and Dhul-Qarnayn, and the trials each addresses.
The foundational terms used in hadith sciences: sahih, hasan, da'if, mawdu, mutawatir, ahad, a...
How hadith scholars evaluated the reliability and trustworthiness o...
The classification of hadith based on the number and quality of narrators in each gen...
...nd contemporary scholars to verify the chain and text of a hadith, including checking for hidden defects.
...logy, scope, and arrangement of the two most authoritative hadith collections, their points of agreement and difference, a...
The pioneering hadith collection compiled by Imam Malik ibn Anas, its unique b...
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal's massive collection arranged by narrator rather...
The historical reasons hadith were fabricated, the methods scholars use to detect forg...
The category of hadith where the Prophet attributes the words to Allah but outs...
The famous collection of 42 foundational narrations covering the core principles of Islam, compiled by the 13th-century scholar Imam al-Nawawi.
The practice of a narrator concealing a link in the chain or the identity of a narrator, its types, and how scholars detect and handle it.
How scholars evaluate the content of a hadith beyond the chain of narration, checking for contradictio...
...significant role women played in transmitting and teaching hadith, from Aisha bint Abi Bakr to Fatimah al-Bataihiyyah, and...
An overview of significant hadith works outside the six canonical books, including Sahih I...
The Prophet's statement that Jibreel kept advising him about neighbors until he thought they would inher...
The balanced framework of marital rights and responsibilities in Islam, where each spouse has obligations toward the other rooted in compassion and justice.
The prophetic etiquettes of meals, from saying Bismillah and eating with the right hand to not criticizing food and sharing with others.
The prophetic practices before sleep and upon waking, including the supplications, sleeping on the right side, and the spiritual protection sought at night.
The rights and etiquettes of the mosque, from entering with the right foot and praying tahiyyat al-masjid to maintaining cleanliness and avoiding loud speech.
The obligation and virtue of spreading the salam, who should greet first, responding to greetin...
...n trusting in Allah's plan and taking practical means, the hadith of tying the camel, and the levels of tawakkul described...
The Islamic emphasis that the rights people hold over one another are not forgiven by Allah without the aggrieved party's pardon, and the categories of these ri
The prophetic guidance on guarding the tongue, speaking good or remaining silent, avoiding argumentation, and the virtue of measured, truthful speech.
The danger of performing righteous deeds for the admiration of people, why the Prophet called it the minor shir...
...e, or worship, how it differs from pride, and the scholars' advice for treating it.
The life and scholarship of the leading Tabi'i of Madinah, his deep knowledge of hadith and fiqh...
The Umayyad caliph who transformed his rule to follow the model of the ...
...n spirituality, theology, and jurisprudence remain widely read, especially his Madarij al-Salikin.
The 14th-century North African scholar whose Muqaddimah pioneered the study of history as a science and laid t...
Aisha's unparalleled contributions to hadith transmission, jurisprudence, and Arabic poetry, and how ...
...scholar who died at 45 but left enduring works including Riyad al-Salihin, Sharh Sahih Muslim, and the Forty Hadith collec...
The 9th-century Andalusian polymath who made one of the earliest known attempts at controlled flight, c...
...ous that Allah sees and knows everything, its basis in the hadith of Jibreel, and how it transforms daily behavior.
Umar's advice to account yourself before you are accounted, the pract...
...ah, and their specific virtues mentioned in the prophetic traditions.
The collection of prophetic supplications for morning and evening, their protective benefits, and how consistent practice creates a spiritual fortress.
...rity, the subtle ways sincerity can be compromised, and the advice of the scholars on purifying one's intentions.
... occasions that moved the Prophet to tears, and the seven shaded on Judgment Day.
The voluntary fasts of Mondays and Thursdays, the white days, the day of Arafah, and Ashura, and how regular fasting disciplines the soul.
How Islamic jurisprudence addresses organ donation, life support, genetic testing, IVF, ...
...he prophetic conservation ethic, and how Islamic principles address the environmental crisis.
...r modern financial instruments that classical texts did not address.
A survey of the lasting contributions Muslims have made to science, mathematics, medicine, architecture, literatur...
...cal models of Islamic governance, the qualifications of a leader, the principle of shura, and how classical political theo...
...guidance for Muslim parents on instilling Islamic identity, addressing challenging questions, and building resilience in c...
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:12:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:45:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 20:00:00
By Mufti Menk. 15:00:00
By Abu Eesa Niamatullah. 30:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 15:00:00
By Dr. Haitham al-Haddad. 1:45:00
By Dr. Muhammad Salah. 100:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 15:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:00:00
By Wisam Sharieff. 10:00:00
By Mohammad Hoblos. 45:00
By Kamal El-Mekki. 1:30:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 40:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 10:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 12:00:00
By Various Scholars. 15:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 30:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 12:00:00
By Dr. Haitham al-Haddad. 40:00:00
By Bilal Assad. 20:00:00
By Various Scholars. 12:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 25:00:00
By Hamza Yusuf. 2:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 8:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 18:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:30:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 25:00
By Mufti Menk. 18:00
By Bilal Assad. 40:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 50:00
By Joe Bradford. 45:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 15:00
By Mufti Menk. 16:00
By Dr. Hisham al-Awadi. 1:10:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:45:00
By Saad Tasleem. 28:00
By Kamal el-Mekki. 55:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 12:00
By Mufti Menk. 50:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:20:00
By Historical Documentary. 1:30:00
By Dr. Haitham al-Haddad. 1:05:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:35:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 25:00
By Dr. Hisham al-Awadi. 1:25:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:00:00
By Bilal Assad. 3:00:00
By Adnan Rashid. 1:15:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:40:00
By Ali Hammuda. 1:05:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:15:00
By Ali Hammuda. 35:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:50:00
By Shaykh Hamza Yusuf. 1:00:00
By Mufti Menk. 35:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:15:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:30:00
By Sheikh Yaser Birjas. 2:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:30:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:50:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 10:00:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:35:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:30:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 3:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 20:00
By Hamza Yusuf. 1:20:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:40:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 18:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 4:00:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:15:00
By Mufti Menk. 25:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 25:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:15:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 3:00:00
By Nouman Ali Khan. 42:00
By Mufti Menk. 28:00
By Ali Hammuda. 40:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:50:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:10:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 18:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:05:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:00:00
By Mufti Menk. 8:00:00
By Sheikh Assim Al-Hakeem. 1:20:00
By Dr. Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. 15:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 4:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 40:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 35:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 3:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 3:00:00
By Nouman Ali Khan. 4:00:00
By Mufti Menk. 15:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:30:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 42:00
By Nouman Ali Khan. 1:30:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 3:00:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 28:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:15:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:10:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 45:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 40:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 50:00
By Dr. Omar Suleiman. 25:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:15:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 48:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:50:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 40:00
By Mufti Menk. 10:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 2:30:00
By Dr. Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. 2:00:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 45:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:35:00
By Dr. Yasir Qadhi. 1:45:00
By Nouman Ali Khan. 1:30:00
By Anwar al-Awlaki. 1:30:00
By Abdul Basit Abdul Samad. 23:45
By Abdul Nasir Jangda. 50:00:00
By Saad Al-Ghamdi. 2:21:00
By Muhammad al-Luhaidan. 45:00
By Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi. 62:00:00
By Abdul Basit Abdul Samad. 8:00
By Muhammad al-Luhaidan. 55:00
By Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen. 80:00:00
By Saad Al-Ghamdi. 56:00:00
By Sheikh Ibn Baz. 100:00:00
By Maher Al-Muaiqly. 55:00:00
By Saad al-Ghamdi. 22:00
By Abdul Basit Abdul Samad. 55:00
By IQRA Network. 58:00
By Ahmad al-Ajmi. 11:00
By IQRA Network. 1:05:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:15:00
By Maher Al-Muaiqly. 18:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:10:00
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By Saad Al-Ghamdi. 9:00
By Hamza Yusuf. 1:45:00
By Navaid Aziz. 55:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 58:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:20:00
By Saad Al-Ghamdi. 42:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:00:00
By Maher Al-Muaiqly. 14:00
By Tim Humble. 35:00
By Hamza Yusuf. 1:40:00
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By Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi. 35:00
By Saad Al-Ghamdi. 56:00:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:40:00
By Sheikh Ali Al-Hudhaify. 58:00:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:30:00
By Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi. 45:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:15:00
By Saad Al-Ghamdi. 13:00
By Sheikh Ali Al-Hudhaify. 16:00
By Hamza Yusuf. 1:40:00
By Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi. 38:00
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By Sheikh Ali Al-Hudhaify. 7:30
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 1:20:00
By Hamza Yusuf. 1:05:00
By Abdal Hakim Murad. 55:00
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...Also known as the creed of the Salaf. Championed by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and later by Ibn Taymiyyah.
...i (d. 935 CE), himself a former Mu'tazili who returned to traditional positions. Uses rational theology to defend Sunni be...
...b should have been the immediate successor of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and that leadership (imamah) should have remained in the ...
...ed Imams from the Prophet's family, the last of whom (Muhammad al-Mahdi) is believed to be in occultation since 874 CE. Pr...
...nown historically for the Fatimid Caliphate. The Aga Khan leads the largest modern Ismaili community (Nizari).
...who refused to accept the createdness of the Quran. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal famously resisted.
... early theological sect that denied divine predestination (qadr), arguing that humans have complete free will independent ...
...omoted extreme fatalism (jabr). Strongly refuted by Imam Ahmad and other scholars of the Salaf.
...ir position on faith was considered dangerous as it could lead to moral laxity.
Founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (d. 1908) in British India, who claimed to be a prophet aft...
Founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad in Detroit in 1930. Not an Islamic group despite using Isla...
... Khawarij but distancing itself from their extremism. The Ibadis consider themselves the original Muslims. They reject the...
...ah) and attaining closeness to Allah. Major orders include Qadiriyyah (founded by Abdul Qadir al-Jilani), Naqshbandiyyah, ...
... the first three generations (Salaf) of Muslims. Emphasizes adherence to the Quran and Sunnah, rejection of innovations (b...
...oband seminary in India (founded 1866). Follows the Hanafi madhab in fiqh and Maturidi/Ash'ari creed. Known for its emphas...
A Sunni movement originating from the scholarship of Ahmad Rida Khan of Bareilly, India (d. 1921). Follows the Hanafi ...
A grassroots Islamic movement founded by Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi in 1926 in India. Focuses on basic Islam...
...eric sect that originated from Shia Islam, founded by Muhammad ibn Nusayr in the 9th century. Their secret doctrines inclu...
...llah), who claimed to be a new messenger of God after Muhammad. Rejects the finality of prophethood. Considered a separate...
A modern movement that rejects the authority of the Hadith and Sunnah, claiming to follow only the Quran. This posi...
A reform movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) in the Arabian Peninsula. It ...
...c preference (istihsan). The Hanafi school is the dominant madhab in Turkey, the Balkans, Central Asia, South Asia, Iraq, ...
...risprudence founded by Imam Malik ibn Anas (711-795 CE) in Madinah. It places special emphasis on the practice of the peop...
A school of Sunni jurisprudence founded by Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (767-820 CE). Al-Shafi'i is considered...
...ur major Sunni schools of jurisprudence, founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). It is distinguished by its strong ...
...clusively on the apparent (zahir) meaning of the Quran and hadith, rejecting analogical reasoning (qiyas), juristic prefer...
...l of Islamic jurisprudence founded by Imam Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (839-923 CE), the famous historian and ...
The oldest and most widespread Sufi order (tariqa), founded by Abdul Qadir al-Jilani (1077...
...hasizes silent dhikr (remembrance within the heart), strict adherence to the Sunnah, and active engagement with society ra...
... (sama/qawwali). The order played a crucial role in the spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent through peaceful persua...
A major Sufi order founded by Ahmad al-Tijani (1735-1815 CE) in North Africa. The Tijaniyya bec...
A major Sufi order founded by Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili (1196-1258 CE) in North Africa. The Shadhiliyya emphasi...
...hat represents the soul's journey toward God. The Mevlevi tradition emphasizes divine love, poetry, music, and the arts as...
A contemporary movement within Islam that emphasizes ijtihad (independent reasoning), social justice, gender equality, h...
...ate. It rejects both Western democracy and violent methods, advocating instead for societal transformation through ideolog...
...nt originating in 19th century British India, founded by Ahmad Raza Khan of Bareilly. It emphasizes love for the Prophet M...
...oom Deoband seminary in India in 1866. It emphasizes strict adherence to the Hanafi school, hadith-based scholarship, and ...
A Sunni Islamic movement in South Asia that rejects strict adherence to any single madhab, advocating direct reliance on ...
An Islamic missionary and revival movement founded by Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi in 1926 in India. One of the largest tra...
...rganization founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna. It advocates the implementation of Islamic principles in public l...
... party and movement founded by Abul Ala Maududi in 1941. It advocates for Islamic state governance by Shariah law.
A Sufi order founded by Ahmad ar-Rifa'i (1118-1182 CE) in southern Iraq. One of the oldes...
A Sufi order founded by Ahmad al-Badawi (1199-1276 CE), centered in Tanta, Egypt. One of ...
...hings of Said Nursi (1877-1960) of Turkey. His Risale-i Nur addresses modern challenges to faith through rational and Qura...
...d beliefs not found in mainstream Islam. After Elijah Muhammad's death, most members transitioned to orthodox Sunni Islam.
A heterodox Islamic tradition found primarily in Turkey and among Kurdish communitie...
A group of Muslims who reject the authority of hadith as a source of Islamic law, relying solely on the Quran....
A contemporary movement advocating revival of traditional Islamic scholarship, includi...
A militant ideology combining Salafi theology with armed struggle. It is condemned by the vast majority of Muslim scholars and organizations and represents a ti
... all political activism. Named after Saudi scholar Rabi al-Madkhali.
A North African Sufi order branch of the Shadhiliyyah, founded by Mulay al-Arabi al-Darqawi (1760-1823). ...
A North African Sufi order founded by Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (1787-1859). It combined Sufi spiritualit...