Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz: The Fifth Righteous Caliph

The Compilation of the Quran

How the Quran was preserved: from oral memorization during the Prophet's life to the standardized mushaf under Caliph Uthman.

The Rashidun Caliphate

The era of the four rightly-guided caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. The golden age of Islamic governance.

The Battle of Badr

The first major battle in Islamic history: 313 Muslims against 1,000 Quraysh, and how divine aid secured victory.

The Battle of Uhud

The second major battle: the reversal of fortune, the wounding of the Prophet, and the lessons for the ummah.