Sadaqah (Voluntary Charity)

Definition

Sadaqah (صدقة) is voluntary charity given for the sake of Allah, beyond the obligatory zakat. Unlike zakat, which has specific rules, rates, and recipients, sadaqah has no limits on amount, timing, or form. It can be given to anyone in need and is one of the most highly encouraged acts in Islam.

Breadth of Sadaqah

The Prophet Muhammad greatly expanded the concept of charity beyond money: 'Every act of kindness is sadaqah' (Sahih al-Bukhari 6021). He taught that smiling at your brother is sadaqah, removing a harmful object from the road is sadaqah, helping someone mount their animal is sadaqah, a good word is sadaqah, and every step taken toward the mosque for prayer is sadaqah (Sahih Muslim 1009). Even providing for one's family is rewarded as sadaqah when done with the right intention.

Virtues

The Prophet said: 'Charity extinguishes sin as water extinguishes fire' (Sunan al-Tirmidhi 2616). He also said: 'The shade of the believer on the Day of Resurrection is their charity' (Musnad Ahmad 17333). Charity does not decrease wealth; rather, it purifies and blesses it (Sahih Muslim 2588).

Sadaqah Jariyah

Sadaqah jariyah (ongoing charity) is a category of charity whose reward continues after death. The Prophet said: 'When a person dies, their deeds come to an end except for three: ongoing charity, knowledge that benefits others, and a righteous child who prays for them' (Sahih Muslim 1631). Examples include building a well, funding a school, planting trees, and publishing beneficial knowledge.