Treaty with Banu Qurayza

Banu Qurayza, the third major Jewish tribe of Medina, entered into a treaty with the Prophet as part of the constitutional framework governing the city-state. They occupied fortified settlements in the southeastern part of Medina, near Banu Nadir. Their chief, Ka'b ibn Asad al-Qurazi, agreed to mutual non-aggression and defense terms. They were known for their expertise in weaponry and manufacturing of arms and armor. Like the other Jewish tribes, Banu Qurayza had full religious freedom and retained their properties and commercial activities. The treaty explicitly stated that they and the Muslims were one community for the purpose of defending Medina, and any act of treachery would void the protection. This clause would become critically relevant during the Battle of the Trench years later.