160 results for “ain”
Clear filter... family, and worship. His two sons Habil (Abel) and Qabil (Cain) are mentioned in the Quran in connection with the first ac...
...the chiefs of his people passed by, they mocked him. Nuh remained steadfast in his task. When the command came, water gush...
...ord. We are not believers in you" (Surah Hud 11:53). Hud remained patient and steadfast, calling them to repentance and war...
...erful, carving magnificent dwellings into the faces of mountains and cliffs. Yet they too fell into polytheism and arroganc...
...ccept this from us" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:127). The Ka'bah remains the qiblah — the direction of prayer — for over a billion ...
...d his daughters were saved; his wife was among those who remained and was destroyed. Allah then overturned the cities, rai...
...haq continued the prophetic calling of his father Ibrahim, maintaining the message of tawhid in the land of Canaan (Palesti...
...d the mission of his grandfather Ibrahim and father Ishaq, maintaining the covenant of tawhid in Canaan. The story of Yaqu...
... immediately appointed to oversee Egypt's agriculture and grain reserves — rising from slave to minister in a single day. ...
...e rather than the Quran itself. Through all of this, Ayyub maintained his patience, remembrance of Allah, and gratitude. Th...
...gside Nuh, Ibrahim, Isa, and Muhammad ﷺ — and his story contains some of the most detailed and powerful narratives in all o...
... you both; I hear and I see" (Surah Ta-Ha 20:46). Harun remained with the Israelites when Musa ascended Mount Sinai to rec...
...-Kifl mentioned in Jewish tradition, while others caution against such identifications without clear textual evidence. Ibn ...
... voice in dhikr and tasbih was uniquely powerful — the mountains and birds would join him in glorifying Allah (Surah Saba 3...
...worldly power and divine gifts in the service of Allah and maintaining gratitude for extraordinary blessings.
...is rank among the praised prophets, his steadfast mission against idolatry, and Allah's preservation of his honorable menti...
... present throughout all of human history — through a long chain of prophets sent to different peoples and times. Each of th...
...great city in what is now northern Iraq — and his story contains one of the most extraordinary lessons in patience, account...
...upplication, the importance of hope in Allah's mercy even against all worldly probability, and the connection between proph...
...is prophethood is the culmination of the entire prophetic chain stretching from Adam through all the prophets of Banu Isra'...
...accumulated and calling humanity back to the fitrah. It contained guidance on prayer, fasting, purification of the heart, c...
...ther east and west. Their message at this earliest stage remained consistent with what Isa AS had taught: monotheism, praye...
... monotheism and practical law that Isa AS had taught. They maintained that Isa was a prophet, not divine, and that the reli...
...d among early Christian communities — including texts that maintained a more strictly monotheistic view of Isa AS — were ex...
...ure monotheism of Isa's original teaching in its entirety, maintained that Isa AS was a being created by and subordinate to...
...owledges the existence of righteous People of the Book who maintained a degree of authentic faith. Allah says: "They are no...
...im in a dream wearing white garments — a sign, scholars explain, of his being among the people of Paradise, since he had re...
...stianity, was alarmed. He confined Salman at home and put chains on his legs, fearing that his son would leave Persia and a...
...with his dying breath to another scholar elsewhere. This chain of righteous Christian teachers continued across multiple c...
After years of following a chain of righteous Christian scholars from city to city across Sy...
...f Medina, with its date palms and the distinctive rocky terrain on either side, matched exactly what the dying bishop had d...
...ishop after another across decades. He had been betrayed, chained, and enslaved. He had worked in the date orchards of Medi...
...n military tradition, proved decisive in defending Medina against the Qurayshi-led coalition of ten thousand. The Muhajirun...
... the first decisive engagement of the Riddah Wars, fought against Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid of the Banu Asad tribe who had decl...
...a was the bloodiest engagement of the Riddah Wars, fought against Musaylima al-Kadhdhab (the Liar), who had claimed prophet...
...the Euphrates to engage the Persians on their own ground, against the tactical advice of his officers. The Persians deploye...
...re, was defeated decisively near ancient Heliopolis (modern Ain Shams, near Cairo). The battle opened the Nile Delta to Mus...
...of Victories' (Fath al-Futuh), was the final major battle against the Sasanid Empire. Emperor Yazdegerd III had assembled a...
...f the eastern Mediterranean. Cyprus would later be raided again and eventually established as a shared Muslim-Byzantine pro...
...nally led a Byzantine fleet of reportedly 500–1,000 ships against a Muslim fleet of 200 ships under Abd Allah ibn Abi Sarh....
...ce a master copy based on Abu Bakr's mushaf and confirmed against the recollections of companions who had memorised the Qur...
...he killers of Uthman were punished. When Ali's forces were gaining the upper hand in the decisive encounter, Muawiyah's adv...
...tle of Nahrawan was Ali ibn Abi Talib's decisive campaign against the Khawarij — a puritanical faction that had broken away...
...he caliphate in exchange for safe passage to Medina and certain conditions regarding Muawiyah's succession. This agreement,...
... of the governor Ibn Ziyad. Husayn was intercepted at the plain of Karbala on the banks of the Euphrates by a force numberi...
...nd octagonal symmetry. The inscriptions inside the Dome contain among the earliest extant Quranic texts, including verses f...
...mayyad state and provided the infrastructure that would sustain a century of further conquests.
... significant administrative and economic achievements: he drained swamps to increase cultivable land in lower Iraq, improve...
...the city, expelled its Byzantine garrison, and razed the remaining fortifications. Byzantine attempts to retake the city wi...
...of Constantinople (717–718 CE) was the largest and most sustained military effort to take the Byzantine capital, launched b...
...ait that would bear his name (Gibraltar — Jabal Tariq, Mountain of Tariq) with approximately seven thousand men, predominan...
...body never conclusively identified. The destruction of the main Visigothic military force left no organized resistance capa...
... temples were protected, local administrators were often retained, and the tax burden was not set to exceed what they had p...
...e school of al-Hajjaj. He committed to prosecuting claims against the caliphal family itself, presiding over cases in which...
...ere compared to some of his predecessors, and committed to maintaining the military and fiscal machinery of the state. Unde...
...deep into the Frankish kingdom after sacking the church of Saint Hilary at Poitiers. Charles Martel — the Frankish mayor of...
...ent, defeating a series of challenges from local Arab chieftains, Berber rebels, and a Frankish incursion backed by Charlem...
... at times, while simultaneously taxing and discriminating against the local population in ways that alienated potential all...
...illed by thriving trade networks stretching from China to Spain. Harun patronized poets, scholars, musicians, and jurists —...
... with revealed religion. Al-Ghazali's later critique of certain philosophical trends drew directly on the legacy of Bayt al...
...nd ordered the teaching of Sunni theology throughout his domains. He also banned innovations that had been promoted under h...
...to flourish independently, and Islamic intellectual life remained vibrant. The Buyids were eventually overthrown by the Sel...
...ies institutionalized Sunni learning and formed a bulwark against Ismaili Fatimid influence.
...nk of destroyed manuscripts and red with the blood of the slain. The destruction of Baghdad was one of the greatest catastr...
...ypt in 923 AH. The line of Abbasid shadow caliphs in Cairo maintained Islamic legitimacy and presided over important religi...
...Abbasid era. His al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (Canon of Medicine) remained the standard medical textbook in both the Islamic world a...
During the reign of Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid Caliphate maintained significant naval power in the Mediterranean and the ...
...ront the Muslim force of around 700. The Muslims initially gained the upper hand, but a group of archers stationed on a hil...
...hieving their objective. The successful defence of Medina against this massive alliance marked the high-water mark of Quray...
The Battle of Khaybar was fought against a fortified Jewish settlement in the Hejaz, whose inhabit...
...he Battle of Mu'tah was the first major Muslim engagement against the Byzantine Empire, fought in what is today southern Jo...
...s. The Byzantine force did not engage; several border chieftains made treaties with the Muslims. Though no battle occurred,...
...uslim force under Khalid ibn al-Walid initially struggled against the determined resistance; the battle fluctuated severely...
...e of the early engagements in the Muslim conquest of Iraq against the Sasanid Persian Empire. Khalid ibn al-Walid's force o...
...i Waqqas commanded a Muslim force of approximately 30,000 against the main Sasanid army of similar size, which included war...
...s: 'I have taken a city of which I can only say that it contains 4,000 palaces, 4,000 baths, 400 theatres, 1,200 greengroce...
...me the focal point of fighting. Zubayr withdrew before the main battle after Ali reminded him of a hadith, and was later ki...
...s sincere Muslims in error on a political question, and refrains from cursing any companion.
...eoples — allowed to continue their religious practices and maintain their temples. This policy laid the foundations for cen...
The conquest of Al-Andalus was one of the most rapid territorial acquisitions in Islamic history. Tariq ibn Ziyad, a freed slave who had risen to command in Nor
... Battle of Poitiers, known in Arabic as Balat al-Shuhada (Plain of the Martyrs), halted the northward expansion of Muslim f...
... and causing heavy casualties. However, the arrival of the main crusading army under Godfrey of Bouillon and Raymond of Tou...
...0 were killed in the al-Aqsa mosque area alone. The city remained under Crusader control for 88 years until Saladin's recon...
...oman army and lured the Antiochene force into difficult terrain. The crusader army was ambushed in a narrow valley, surroun...
...ng Tiberias. The crusader army marched across waterless terrain to relieve Tiberias and was surrounded at the Horns of Hatt...
...ing to break the discipline of the march. Richard's forces maintained their formation with remarkable discipline under cons...
...ied with the Crusaders were also routed. Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, never again returning to Crusader han...
... Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil assembled a massive siege train, reportedly including over 100 catapults. After approximate...
...d of Jalal al-Din Mangburni, the last Khwarazmian sultan, against the Mongol horde of Genghis Khan. The Mongol invasion of ...
The Battle of Ain Jalut was a turning point in world history — the first sign...
...gents of Anatolian Turks, Serbian and Bulgarian vassals — against a Christian coalition under the Serbian Prince Lazar Hreb...
...y defeated the last major multinational crusade organised against Ottoman power in Europe. Pope Boniface IX had called for ...
...rophet ﷺ is reported to have said: 'Constantinople will certainly be conquered. How excellent the commander who will conque...
...gypt. Sultan Selim I, fresh from his victory at Chaldiran against the Safavids, turned his attention southward. The Mamluk ...
...lry charge — including the famous Polish Winged Hussars — against the Ottoman rear. The charge broke the Ottoman lines. Kar...
...en news reached Abu Sufyan that the Muslims had mobilised again so quickly, he abandoned any idea of returning. Some Qurays...
... The Quran noted those believers who responded without complaint. The episode demonstrated Muslim willingness to face the Q...
...lim army had suffered heavy losses crossing the Euphrates against Sasanid forces equipped with war elephants. Al-Muthanna i...
... Battle of Ajnadayn was the first major Muslim engagement against a large Byzantine army in Palestine and opened the way fo...
... operational base for subsequent campaigns northward and remained the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate for nearly a century...
...at Pelusium and a prolonged siege of Babylon fortress, the main Byzantine field army under Theodore met the Muslims at Heli...
...n response to a papal call. The battle took place in a mountain pass. The crusader forces broke through the Almohad defence...
Following the landmark victory at Ain Jalut, the Mamluk Sultan Baybars continued his campaign to ...
...for over 250 years as the last Muslim polity in Iberia, sustained partly by internal Castilian conflicts and partly by trib...
... Knights Hospitaller's use of Rhodes as a base for piracy against Muslim shipping and pilgrims. The Knights Hospitaller had...
...d a well-disciplined Ottoman army of approximately 60,000 against a Hungarian force of around 25,000 under the young King L...
...oly League assembled a fleet of approximately 200 galleys against the Ottoman fleet of similar size under Ali Pasha. The ba...
...as deploying firearms — matchlock muskets and artillery — against an army that had never encountered them in battle formati...
The First Battle of Tarain was a significant defeat for Muhammad of Ghor in his attemp...
The Battle of Dhat al-Salasil (Battle of the Chains) was the opening engagement of the Muslim conquest of Iraq...
... Jadhuyih. The two armies met at the Euphrates River, and against the advice of his officers, Abu Ubayd ordered a bridge of...
...yria campaign. After the Muslim victory at Ajnadayn, the remaining Byzantine forces regrouped at Marj al-Saffar (the Meadow...
... after the fall of Damascus. Byzantine forces flooded the plain to hinder the Muslim cavalry, but Abu Ubayda's forces waded...
...edition of the Rashidun era, pushing into the Caucasus mountain passes. Umar ibn al-Khattab commissioned Suraqah ibn Amr to...
... by Emperor Constans II. The Muslims were outnumbered but chained their ships together with the Byzantine vessels and fough...
... establishing a precedent of takfir (excommunication) that mainstream Islam rejected.
... after the death of Ali. The Umayyads expanded Islam from Spain to Central Asia, built the Dome of the Rock, and Arabized t...
Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed the strait with 7,000 soldiers and defeated the Visigothic King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete. Within seven years, most of the Iber
...ess earned him the title Imam Ahl us-Sunnah. His Musnad contains over 27,000 hadith.
...d. His Kitab al-Hayawan is a pioneering work of zoology containing observations that anticipated evolutionary theory.
...thodology of organizing hadith by topic and gathering all chains for each narration in one place set a new standard in hadi...
...Quran commentator, died in Baghdad. His Tafsir al-Tabari remains the most comprehensive early commentary on the Quran, and ...
...Transformed into a Sunni institution by Salah ad-Din, it remains the most prestigious center of Sunni Islamic scholarship.
...le, it became the preeminent center of Sunni scholarship, training scholars from across the Muslim world for over a millenn...
...matized Greek, Indian, and Islamic medical knowledge. It remained the standard medical textbook in both the Islamic world a...
...the Zahiri (literalist) school, died in exile in southern Spain. His encyclopedic works include al-Muhalla (comparative fiq...
...His Ihya Ulum ad-Din (Revival of the Religious Sciences) remains one of the most influential works in Islamic history, synt...
...ir al-Jilani, the great Hanbali jurist, preacher, and Sufi saint, died in Baghdad. His teachings founded the Qadiriyya, the...
...d Sunni governance and successfully defended Muslim lands against the Crusades.
...d. His monumental Tarikh Dimashq runs to 80 volumes and contains biographical entries for thousands of scholars.
...attin near Lake Tiberias. The Muslim victory destroyed the main Crusader fighting force and led directly to the liberation ...
...ed Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem while the city remained under Muslim control.
...nd Syria for over 250 years, stopping the Mongol advance at Ain Jalut, recapturing the remaining Crusader fortresses, and b...
...gol ruler to convert to Islam. He allied with the Mamluks against Hulagu and refused further campaigns against Muslim lands...
...ultan Qutuz and General Baybars defeated the Mongol army at Ain Jalut in Palestine. This was the first decisive Mongol defe...
...en, commentary on Sahih Muslim, and Shafi'i fiqh manuals remain among the most studied Islamic texts worldwide. He never ma...
...c world and beyond: from West Africa to China. His Rihla remains a priceless historical document.
...uran in the Sunni world, known for its use of hadith to explain Quranic verses. His al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah is a comprehensi...
...blished history as a scientific discipline. His insights remain relevant to modern social science.
...ntary on Sahih al-Bukhari, took 25 years to complete and remains the gold standard of hadith scholarship.
The last Muslim kingdom in Spain, Granada, surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabella. Sultan Abu...
...ilosophical texts into Latin, particularly through Muslim Spain and Sicily. Works of al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, al-...
...-Mahalli), al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran, and Jami as-Saghir remain essential references today.
...he Ottoman sultan assumed the role of protector of the Haramain (the two holy mosques), a title of immense religious signif...
...n Selim I conquered Egypt, ending the Mamluk Sultanate and gaining control over the Muslim holy cities.
The Ottoman navy suffered a significant defeat against a coalition of European Christian navies at Lepanto in th...
...th white marble, calligraphy, and geometric patterns. It remains one of the most iconic buildings in the world.
...he largest state on the continent. His reformist movement against syncretistic practices profoundly shaped the religious ch...
Imam Shamil led decades-long resistance against Russian imperial expansion in the Caucasus, uniting Musli...
...activist, died in Istanbul. He promoted Pan-Islamic unity against European colonialism.
Sharif Hussein of Mecca launched the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule during World War I, seeking an independent A...
...nt and subsequent mandates divided Muslim lands between Britain and France, creating artificial borders that remain sources...
...major world power and enabled massive expansion of the Haramain.
...ons, continuing into the 21st century, transformed the Haramain into the largest mosques in the world, capable of hosting m...
Malaya gained independence from Britain. Malaysia later developed into ...
Arab oil-producing nations imposed an embargo against countries supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War. Oi...
...Soviet withdrawal in 1989 was seen as a victory for faith against a superpower. However, the aftermath brought civil war an...
...ans in Gaza and the West Bank launched a popular uprising against Israeli occupation. The Intifada brought worldwide attent...
The Myanmar military launched a campaign against the Rohingya Muslim minority, described by the UN as bear...
...ccords normalized relations between Israel and the UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco, reshaping geopolitical alliances in th...