34 results for “institution”
...at preceded, and continues to outlast, every other communal institution.
The adhan — the Islamic call to prayer — was instituted in Medina in the first year after the Hijra through a mechanism that combined community deliberation, di
... as not merely a personal religious obligation but a public institutional one, enforceable by the state. In the caliphate of Umar i...
...died a Muslim. The salat al-gha'ib established a permanent institution in Islamic jurisprudence: the absent funeral prayer for Mus...
...ed to accept the later accretions of Paul of Tarsus and the institutional church, and maintained practices that would be recognized...
...progressively altered — human interpretation hardening into institutional doctrine, until the human additions became indistinguisha...
...e known to early communities but excluded from the emerging institutional canon by councils whose decisions were as much political ...
...olitical weight of Constantine's favor, marked the official institutionalization of what the Quran calls shirk — associating partne...
Despite the broad institutional triumph of Trinitarian Christianity in the Roman Empire, ...
...within a tradition that had become largely corrupted at the institutional level. Salman's journey was not a rejection of Christiani...
... — that authentic Christian scholarship, uncorrupted by the institutional church, preserved this knowledge and transmitted it acros...
...House of Wisdom) in Baghdad became the premier intellectual institution of the medieval world, reaching its height under Caliph al-...
...e caliphate's political fortunes and a renaissance of Sunni institutional power.
... vizier Nizam al-Mulk in 459 AH, became the most celebrated institution of higher Islamic learning in the medieval world. It establ...
...en the symbol of Islamic civilization lay in ruins, and the institution of the caliphate appeared to have been extinguished forever...
...ching, deliberately established as a rival to Abbasid Sunni institutions. After Salah al-Din (Saladin) overthrew the Fatimid caliph...
...enter of Islamic civilization and learning, later producing institutions like al-Azhar.
... Sunni scholarship and built al-Azhar mosque (later a Sunni institution). Their rule lasted until Salahuddin dissolved the caliphat...
...f the world's oldest universities. Transformed into a Sunni institution by Salah ad-Din, it remains the most prestigious center of ...
...made original contributions in every field, and established institutions like hospitals, universities, and observatories that Europ...
...drasa in Baghdad, the first well-documented publicly funded institution of higher learning. Al-Ghazali was among its most famous pr...
...mad Gangohi established the Deoband seminary in India. This institution pioneered Islamic education independent of state patronage ...
... 2008 crisis highlighted the stability of Islamic financial institutions.
...he Maliki school. It remains a standard reference in Maliki institutions across West and North Africa.
By Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. Addresses the Islamic institution of polygamy in its historical, social, and religious contex...
...ohibition of riba, and the development of Islamic financial institutions.
The institution that built Islamic civilization: how waqf funded mosques, s...
The Abbasid institution that translated Greek, Persian, and Indian texts into Arabi...
The history and evolution of Islamic educational institutions, from the Prophet's mosque to contemporary Islamic schools...
The institution of hisbah (commanding good and forbidding evil) in Islamic ...
...and ra'y (personal opinion) as legal sources. No longer has institutionalized following today but its methodology continues to infl...
...itiation rites, and hierarchical spiritual progression. The institution of organized tariqahs — as distinct from Sufi spirituality ...