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Revelation of Surah al-Muddaththir

...ic mission. The command 'arise and warn' defined his life's work of calling humanity to the worship of One God.

4 AHProhibition of Alcohol (Khamr)

...one altars, and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Shaytan, so avoid it' (5:90). When this verse was announ...

Founding of the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah)

... in Baghdad. Scholars translated Greek, Persian, and Indian works into Arabic, preserving and advancing classical knowledge....

256 AHCompilation of Sahih al-Bukhari

...ection, Sahih al-Bukhari, after sixteen years of meticulous work. He selected approximately 7,275 hadith from over 600,000 n...

204 AHDeath of Imam ash-Shafi'i

...Islamic legal theory with his Risalah (the first systematic work on usul al-fiqh), died in Egypt. His school synthesized the...

505 AHDeath of Imam al-Ghazali

...the Religious Sciences) remains one of the most influential works in Islamic history, synthesizing fiqh, theology, and spiri...

728 AHImprisonment and Legacy of Ibn Taymiyyah

...ned for his theological positions. Despite persecution, his works on theology, jurisprudence, and reform profoundly influenc...

700 AHIslam Spreads to Southeast Asia

...slam spread peacefully through trade, marriage, and Sufi networks. Today, Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim populatio...

500 AHIslam Flourishes in West Africa

... Africa through trans-Saharan trade routes and scholarly networks. The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai embraced Islam, w...

215 AHAl-Khwarizmi Writes Al-Jabr (Algebra)

... al-Jabr wal-Muqabalah, founding the discipline of algebra. Working at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, al-Khwarizmi also int...

411 AHIbn al-Haytham Writes Book of Optics

...and pioneered the scientific method of experimentation. His work influenced Roger Bacon and Kepler.

400 AHPeak of the Islamic Golden Age

... literature. Muslim scholars translated and preserved Greek works, made original contributions in every field, and establish...

911 AHDeath of Imam as-Suyuti

...ars in Islamic history, died in Cairo. He authored over 500 works on hadith, tafsir, fiqh, Arabic language, and history. His...

900 AHMuslim Scholars' Influence on the European Renaissance

...s into Latin, particularly through Muslim Spain and Sicily. Works of al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, al-Razi, and others ...

456 AHDeath of Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi

...) school, died in exile in southern Spain. His encyclopedic works include al-Muhalla (comparative fiqh), al-Fisal (comparati...

1357 AHAllama Iqbal and the Vision of Pakistan

...a separate Muslim homeland in South Asia. His philosophical works, combining Islamic mysticism with modern thought, called f...

333 AHDeath of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi

... the Indian subcontinent, and the Ottoman Empire. His major work Kitab al-Tawhid systematized orthodox Sunni theology using ...

356 AHDeath of Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

...b al-Aghani (Book of Songs), died. His monumental 24-volume work is an encyclopedic collection of poems, biographical inform...

421 AHAl-Biruni's Study of India

...rned Sanskrit to study primary sources directly, making his work a remarkable early example of cross-cultural scholarship an...

597 AHDeath of Ibn al-Jawzi

...scholar and preacher, died in Baghdad. He authored over 300 works spanning tafsir, hadith, fiqh, history, biography, and spi...

672 AHDeath of Jalal al-Din al-Rumi

...ied in Konya. His Masnavi is considered one of the greatest works of mystical literature ever written.

911 AHDeath of Imam al-Suyuti the Polymath

...the most prolific scholars in Islamic history with over 500 works, died in Cairo. His al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran is the most ...

790 AHDeath of Imam al-Shatibi

...st of Granada, died. His al-Muwafaqat is the most important work on the objectives and purposes of Islamic law.

833 AHDeath of Ibn al-Jazari the Quranic Recitation Master

... Shiraz. His an-Nashr fil-Qira'at al-Ashr is the definitive work on the ten canonical readings.

142 AHDeath of Ibn al-Muqaffa

...ted Kalila wa Dimna into Arabic, was executed in Basra. His work established Arabic as a language of sophisticated literary ...

255 AHDeath of Al-Jahiz

...Basran polymath, died. His Kitab al-Hayawan is a pioneering work of zoology containing observations that anticipated evoluti...

520 AHDeath of Ahmad al-Ghazali

...her of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, died. His Sawanih is a seminal work on divine love in the Sufi tradition.

Abraha Builds the Cathedral of al-Qullays

...a. He adorned it with gold, precious stones, and ornate woodwork imported from the palace of the Queen of Sheba. When an Ara...

The Prophet as a Shepherd in His Youth

During his youth, Prophet Muhammad worked as a shepherd tending sheep for the people of Mecca in th...

1 AHDetailed Provisions of the Constitution of Medina

...ous, multi-tribal polity in Medina. Beyond the general framework of unity, the document contained specific provisions: all p...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Qaynuqa

... Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa, who were goldsmiths and metalworkers residing in the southwestern part of Medina. The treaty ...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Qurayza

... treaty with the Prophet as part of the constitutional framework governing the city-state. They occupied fortified settlemen...

4 AHExpedition of Dhat al-Riqa'

...planning to attack Medina. The name Dhat al-Riqa' (the patchwork) derives from the condition of the soldiers' feet, which be...