348 results for “work

Seerah33 results
Revelation of Surah al-Muddaththir

...ic mission. The command 'arise and warn' defined his life's work of calling humanity to the worship of One God.

4 AHProhibition of Alcohol (Khamr)

...one altars, and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Shaytan, so avoid it' (5:90). When this verse was announ...

Founding of the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah)

... in Baghdad. Scholars translated Greek, Persian, and Indian works into Arabic, preserving and advancing classical knowledge....

256 AHCompilation of Sahih al-Bukhari

...ection, Sahih al-Bukhari, after sixteen years of meticulous work. He selected approximately 7,275 hadith from over 600,000 n...

204 AHDeath of Imam ash-Shafi'i

...Islamic legal theory with his Risalah (the first systematic work on usul al-fiqh), died in Egypt. His school synthesized the...

505 AHDeath of Imam al-Ghazali

...the Religious Sciences) remains one of the most influential works in Islamic history, synthesizing fiqh, theology, and spiri...

728 AHImprisonment and Legacy of Ibn Taymiyyah

...ned for his theological positions. Despite persecution, his works on theology, jurisprudence, and reform profoundly influenc...

700 AHIslam Spreads to Southeast Asia

...slam spread peacefully through trade, marriage, and Sufi networks. Today, Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim populatio...

500 AHIslam Flourishes in West Africa

... Africa through trans-Saharan trade routes and scholarly networks. The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai embraced Islam, w...

215 AHAl-Khwarizmi Writes Al-Jabr (Algebra)

... al-Jabr wal-Muqabalah, founding the discipline of algebra. Working at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, al-Khwarizmi also int...

411 AHIbn al-Haytham Writes Book of Optics

...and pioneered the scientific method of experimentation. His work influenced Roger Bacon and Kepler.

400 AHPeak of the Islamic Golden Age

... literature. Muslim scholars translated and preserved Greek works, made original contributions in every field, and establish...

911 AHDeath of Imam as-Suyuti

...ars in Islamic history, died in Cairo. He authored over 500 works on hadith, tafsir, fiqh, Arabic language, and history. His...

900 AHMuslim Scholars' Influence on the European Renaissance

...s into Latin, particularly through Muslim Spain and Sicily. Works of al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, al-Razi, and others ...

456 AHDeath of Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi

...) school, died in exile in southern Spain. His encyclopedic works include al-Muhalla (comparative fiqh), al-Fisal (comparati...

1357 AHAllama Iqbal and the Vision of Pakistan

...a separate Muslim homeland in South Asia. His philosophical works, combining Islamic mysticism with modern thought, called f...

333 AHDeath of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi

... the Indian subcontinent, and the Ottoman Empire. His major work Kitab al-Tawhid systematized orthodox Sunni theology using ...

356 AHDeath of Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

...b al-Aghani (Book of Songs), died. His monumental 24-volume work is an encyclopedic collection of poems, biographical inform...

421 AHAl-Biruni's Study of India

...rned Sanskrit to study primary sources directly, making his work a remarkable early example of cross-cultural scholarship an...

597 AHDeath of Ibn al-Jawzi

...scholar and preacher, died in Baghdad. He authored over 300 works spanning tafsir, hadith, fiqh, history, biography, and spi...

672 AHDeath of Jalal al-Din al-Rumi

...ied in Konya. His Masnavi is considered one of the greatest works of mystical literature ever written.

911 AHDeath of Imam al-Suyuti the Polymath

...the most prolific scholars in Islamic history with over 500 works, died in Cairo. His al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran is the most ...

790 AHDeath of Imam al-Shatibi

...st of Granada, died. His al-Muwafaqat is the most important work on the objectives and purposes of Islamic law.

833 AHDeath of Ibn al-Jazari the Quranic Recitation Master

... Shiraz. His an-Nashr fil-Qira'at al-Ashr is the definitive work on the ten canonical readings.

142 AHDeath of Ibn al-Muqaffa

...ted Kalila wa Dimna into Arabic, was executed in Basra. His work established Arabic as a language of sophisticated literary ...

255 AHDeath of Al-Jahiz

...Basran polymath, died. His Kitab al-Hayawan is a pioneering work of zoology containing observations that anticipated evoluti...

520 AHDeath of Ahmad al-Ghazali

...her of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, died. His Sawanih is a seminal work on divine love in the Sufi tradition.

Abraha Builds the Cathedral of al-Qullays

...a. He adorned it with gold, precious stones, and ornate woodwork imported from the palace of the Queen of Sheba. When an Ara...

The Prophet as a Shepherd in His Youth

During his youth, Prophet Muhammad worked as a shepherd tending sheep for the people of Mecca in th...

1 AHDetailed Provisions of the Constitution of Medina

...ous, multi-tribal polity in Medina. Beyond the general framework of unity, the document contained specific provisions: all p...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Qaynuqa

... Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa, who were goldsmiths and metalworkers residing in the southwestern part of Medina. The treaty ...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Qurayza

... treaty with the Prophet as part of the constitutional framework governing the city-state. They occupied fortified settlemen...

4 AHExpedition of Dhat al-Riqa'

...planning to attack Medina. The name Dhat al-Riqa' (the patchwork) derives from the condition of the soldiers' feet, which be...

People60 results
tabi_tabiiMuhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafii

...ii school and pioneer of usul al-fiqh with his foundational work al-Risalah.

classicalSibawaih

...arian known as the father of Arabic grammar. His monumental work al-Kitab is the first comprehensive and systematic grammar ...

classicalImam Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i

...jurisprudence). His book al-Risalah is the first systematic work on Islamic legal theory.

classicalAl-Khwarizmi

...and astronomer whose name gave us the word 'algorithm.' His work al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabalah founde...

classicalImam Muhammad al-Bukhari

...th from over 600,000 narrations over 16 years of meticulous work.

classicalAl-Mubarrad

... school and author of al-Kamil fil-Lughah wal-Adab, a major work on Arabic language and literature. He was the chief rival o...

classicalIbn Qutaybah

...iterature, Quranic sciences, and hadith interpretation. His works Adab al-Katib and Ta'wil Mukhtalif al-Hadith remain import...

classicalAbu Bakr al-Baqillani

...Tamhid al-Awa'il. Served as a diplomat and debater, and his work on the inimitability of the Quran (i'jaz) is foundational.

classicalal-Khatib al-Baghdadi

Author of Tarikh Baghdad and pioneering works on hadith methodology.

classicalImam al-Ghazali

Author of Ihya Ulum ad-Din, one of the most influential works on Islamic spirituality and practice.

classicalIbn al-Jawzi

...Hanbali scholar and preacher of Baghdad, author of over 700 works.

classicalal-Kasani

...ai, one of the most organized and comprehensive Hanafi fiqh works.

medievalIbn Jinni

...t of Abu Ali al-Farisi. Author of al-Khasa'is, a pioneering work on Arabic morphology and general linguistics that explored ...

medievalAl-Biruni

...the greatest scholars in Islamic history. Authored over 140 works spanning astronomy, mathematics, geography, pharmacology, ...

medievalAr-Radiyy al-Astarabadhi

...taries are considered among the most precise and analytical works in Arabic grammar.

medievalIbn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah

... A prolific author in fiqh, theology, and spirituality. His works on the heart and soul remain widely read.

medievalash-Shatibi

...y of Maqasid ash-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law) in his work al-Muwafaqat.

ottomanal-Mardawi

Author of al-Insaf, the definitive work on disputed positions within the Hanbali school.

ottomanZakariyya al-Ansari

...a leading Shafi'i authority. Authored commentaries on major works of tafsir, hadith, fiqh, and Arabic grammar that became st...

ottomanImam as-Suyuti

... the most prolific authors in Islamic history with over 500 works, co-author of Tafsir al-Jalalayn.

ottomanMulla Ali al-Qari

...sive commentary on Mishkat al-Masabih. Also wrote important works on hadith fabrication and Quranic recitation.

ottomanAd-Dusuqi

...usuqi, a supercommentary on ad-Dardir's Sharh al-Kabir. His work is considered one of the most authoritative late references...

ottomanIbn Abidin

...add al-Muhtar, the most authoritative late Hanafi reference work.

modernSiddiq Hasan Khan

... of Bhopal through marriage). A prolific author of over 200 works in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and a leading figure in the ...

modernAbdul-Hayy al-Laknawi

Indian Hanafi scholar and muhaddith who authored over 100 works in his short life of 39 years. His critical editions and a...

modernShams al-Haqq al-Azimabadi

... on Sunan Abu Dawud that remains one of the most referenced works in hadith explanation.

modernAbdul-Aziz ibn Baz

...bali scholar known for his fatwas, teaching, and charitable works.

modernAbdul-Fattah Abu Ghuddah

...dith scholar who produced critical editions of major hadith works.

modernAhmad ibn Yahya an-Najmi

...thern region of Saudi Arabia. Known for his teaching, fatwa work, and his commentary on Sunni creed texts.

modernShuayb al-Arnaut

... editions of Musnad Ahmad, Sahih Ibn Hibban, and many other works.

modernMuhammad al-Amin al-Herari

...afi'i fiqh and Ash'ari theology. Known for his encyclopedic work refuting deviant sects and his circles of learning at the H...

modernRabi' al-Madkhali

...partment at the Islamic University of Medina. Known for his works on hadith methodology and his critiques of deviant groups.

modernMuqbil ibn Hadi al-Wadi'i

...o established Dar al-Hadith in Dammaj, Yemen. Known for his work in hadith authentication and his efforts to spread the Sunn...

modernAbdul-Muhsin al-Abbad

...is extensive commentary on Sunan Abu Dawud and other hadith works.

modernBakr Abu Zayd

...lar and member of the Council of Senior Scholars, author of works on etiquette and fiqh terminology.

modernNana Asma'u

...ar, poet, and educator who established women's education networks in the Sokoto Caliphate.

classicalal-Muhasabi

Early Sufi master and theologian known for his works on self-examination (muhasabah) and inner spiritual discip...

classicalIbn Abi ad-Dunya

Prolific Baghdadi scholar who authored hundreds of works on Islamic ethics, asceticism, and the afterlife.

classicalAbu al-Layth as-Samarqandi

...sir from Samarqand, known as the 'Imam of Guidance' for his works on practical piety and Quranic exegesis.

classicalal-Hakim at-Tirmidhi

...of 'Khatm al-Awliya' (The Seal of the Saints), a pioneering work on the concept of sainthood in Islam.

ottomanal-Birjandi

...wrote on the rotation of the Earth and produced influential works on mathematical astronomy.

ottomanAbd al-Ghani an-Nabulusi

...Hanafi jurist, Sufi master, and prolific author of over 500 works on Islamic sciences, literature, and travel.

modernMuhammad al-Yaqoubi

...arly family, known for his traditional Islamic teaching and work in counter-extremism.

medievalal-Izz ibn Abd as-Salam

... for his courage in confronting unjust rulers and his masterwork 'Qawa'id al-Ahkam.'

modernal-Lucknawi

Indian Hanafi prodigy who authored over 100 scholarly works before dying at age 39, renowned for his encyclopedic know...

modernal-Kashmiri

...ry memory and his hadith commentary 'Fayd al-Bari,' a masterwork on Sahih al-Bukhari.

modernAhmad ibn Zayni Dahlan

...fti of the Shafi'i school in Mecca and historian, author of works on Prophetic biography and the history of Mecca.

medievalIbn al-Hajj al-Abdari

Maliki jurist and author of 'al-Madkhal,' a detailed work on Islamic etiquette, religious practices, and social custo...

ottomanIbn Nujaym al-Misri

...n Hanafi jurist, author of 'al-Ashbah wan-Naza'ir,' a masterwork on Islamic legal maxims and principles.

ottomanSalih al-Fulani

...lar who settled in Medina and authored 'Iqa dh al-Himam,' a work on following evidence over blind imitation.

medievalal-Qadi Iyad

...'ash-Shifa bi Ta'rif Huquq al-Mustafa,' the most celebrated work on the rights and honor of the Prophet Muhammad.

medievalar-Rafi'i

... two foundational texts that an-Nawawi later refined in his works.

ottomanImam al-Haddad

...and Sufi master from Tarim, author of influential spiritual works including 'Risalat al-Mu'awanah' and 'an-Nasa'ih ad-Diniyy...

modernAbu al-Hasan an-Nadwi

... (What the World Lost by the Decline of Muslims), a seminal work on Islamic civilization.

modernMustafa al-Bugha

...e fiqh textbooks and scholarly editions of classical hadith works.

medievalIbn Abd al-Hadi

... student of Ibn Taymiyyah who died young but left important works on hadith criticism and Hanbali jurisprudence.

modernYusuf an-Nabhani

Palestinian Shafi'i judge and prolific author of works defending traditional Islamic scholarship and collecting p...

modernTahir ibn Ashur

...at-Tanwir,' a major modern Quran commentary, and pioneering work on maqasid ash-shari'ah.

modernal-Khudari

Egyptian scholar and historian, author of popular works on Islamic history, jurisprudence, and the history of Isla...

modernAbdullah Siraj ad-Din

Syrian scholar from Aleppo, author of works on the attributes of the Prophet Muhammad and hadith scien...

Books216 results
Ibn KathirAl-Bidayah wan-Nihayah (The Beginning and the End)

...he events of the 14th century AH. One of the most important works of Islamic historiography.

Imam al-GhazaliIhya Ulum ad-Din (Revival of the Religious Sciences)

By Imam al-Ghazali. A monumental work covering worship, daily life, vices, and virtues. Al-Ghazal...

Imam ash-ShatibiAl-Muwafaqat

By Imam ash-Shatibi. A foundational work on the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid ash-shariah). Rev...

Muhammad ibn Abdul WahhabKitab at-Tawhid

By Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab. A concise work on Islamic monotheism, using Quran and hadith to explain ta...

Ibn Qudamah al-MaqdisiAl-Mughni

...mah al-Maqdisi. One of the most important and comprehensive works of comparative fiqh. Presents Hanbali positions while comp...

Imam an-Nasa'iSunan an-Nasa'i

...considered the most rigorous among the six collections. The work focuses primarily on hadith related to legal rulings.

Imam Malik ibn AnasMuwatta Imam Malik

.... The earliest surviving collection of hadith and the first work to systematically compile hadith alongside the legal practi...

Imam ad-DarimiSunan ad-Darimi

...ly hadith collection predating several of the six canonical works. Contains approximately 3,500 narrations organized by lega...

Al-MundhiriAt-Targhib wat-Tarhib

... sources, carefully noting the grade of each narration. The work covers purification, prayer, charity, fasting, Hajj, trade,...

Ibn HibbanSahih Ibn Hibban

... considered sahih. Contains approximately 7,500 hadith. The work is highly valued by hadith scholars for its methodology and...

Al-Hakim an-NaysaburiAl-Mustadrak ala as-Sahihayn

...ted that al-Hakim was sometimes lenient in his grading, the work remains an important supplementary source to the two Sahih ...

Imam at-TabariTafsir at-Tabari (Jami al-Bayan)

...f each verse. Virtually every later mufassir relied on this work as a primary source.

Imam al-QurtubiTafsir al-Qurtubi (Al-Jami li-Ahkam al-Quran)

...fiqh, making this one of the most balanced and encyclopedic works of legal tafsir. It covers grammar, variant readings, occa...

Fakhr ad-Din ar-RaziTafsir ar-Razi (Mafatih al-Ghayb)

...e arguments of Mu'tazili and other theological schools. The work is distinguished by its systematic approach to refuting obj...

Imam al-BaghawiTafsir al-Baghawi (Ma'alim at-Tanzil)

...d approach of at-Tabari and the more concise style of later works. Al-Baghawi, known as 'Muhyi as-Sunnah' (Reviver of the Su...

Abdur-Rahman as-Sa'diTafsir as-Sa'di

...benefits and spiritual lessons from each verse, making this work popular among general readers and students. Despite its con...

Ibn al-JawziZad al-Masir fi Ilm at-Tafsir

...ions for each verse and organized them clearly, making this work an invaluable reference for comparative tafsir study. His a...

Muhammad al-Amin ash-ShinqitiAdwa al-Bayan

... discussions of fiqh, usul, Arabic grammar, and hadith. The work is renowned for its depth of legal analysis and its methodo...

Imam ath-Tha'labiTafsir ath-Tha'labi (Al-Kashf wal-Bayan)

...including al-Baghawi and al-Qurtubi, drew heavily from this work.

Abu Bakr ibn al-ArabiAhkam al-Quran (Ibn al-Arabi)

...h discussions for each verse containing a legal ruling. The work is considered one of the three greatest works on ahkam al-Q...

Imam ash-Shafi'iAl-Umm

...fiqh with evidence from Quran, Sunnah, ijma, and qiyas. The work also contains ash-Shafi'i's debates with scholars of other ...

Sahnun ibn Sa'idAl-Mudawwanah al-Kubra

By Sahnun ibn Sa'id. The primary reference work for the Maliki school of jurisprudence. Sahnun compiled it ...

Burhan ad-Din al-MarghinaniAl-Hidayah

...oritative fiqh manual in the Hanafi school. Al-Marghinani's work became the standard reference for Hanafi jurisprudence acro...

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)Bidayat al-Mujtahid

By Ibn Rushd (Averroes). A unique work of comparative fiqh by the famous Andalusian philosopher an...

Imam an-NawawiAl-Majmu Sharh al-Muhadhdhab

...ash-Shirazi's al-Muhadhdhab, widely considered the greatest work of comparative fiqh in the Shafi'i tradition. An-Nawawi com...

Ibn AbidinRadd al-Muhtar (Hashiyat Ibn Abidin)

...e resolutions to disputed questions within the school. This work is the primary reference consulted by Hanafi muftis worldwi...

Al-MardawiAl-Insaf fi Ma'rifat ar-Rajih min al-Khilaf

By Al-Mardawi. The definitive work for determining the relied-upon position (mu'tamad) within ...

Ibn al-QayyimI'lam al-Muwaqqi'in

By Ibn al-Qayyim. A masterwork on the philosophy and methodology of Islamic legal reasonin...

Jalal ad-Din as-SuyutiAl-Ashbah wan-Naza'ir (as-Suyuti)

By Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. A foundational work on Islamic legal maxims (qawa'id fiqhiyyah) from the Shafi'...

Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ariAl-Ibanah an Usul ad-Diyanah

By Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. A creedal work by the founder of the Ash'ari school, written after his fam...

Ibn TaymiyyahAl-Aqeedah al-Hamawiyyah

...il), citing extensive evidence from the early scholars. The work is a major reference in Athari theology.

Ibn TaymiyyahDar' Ta'arud al-Aql wan-Naql

...relationship between reason and revelation. In this massive work, he systematically refutes the claim that rational proofs c...

Ibn TaymiyyahMinhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah

...reed, politics, and history from the Sunni perspective. The work is both a polemic and a comprehensive exposition of Sunni p...

Ibn KhuzaymahKitab at-Tawhid (Ibn Khuzaymah)

By Ibn Khuzaymah. An early hadith-based work on the divine attributes compiled by the great hadith maste...

Al-Lalika'iSharh Usul I'tiqad Ahl us-Sunnah

...onsensus of the early Muslim community on core beliefs. The work is an invaluable primary source for understanding the creed...

Ibn HishamSirat Ibn Hisham

...e material and adding linguistic and historical notes. This work is the primary source for virtually every later seerah writ...

Imam at-TabariTarikh at-Tabari (History of Prophets and Kings)

By Imam at-Tabari. The most comprehensive work of Islamic historiography, covering world history from crea...

Ibn al-AthirAl-Kamil fit-Tarikh (The Complete History)

...coherent narrative, making the history more accessible. The work is the primary source for the history of the Crusades from ...

Muhammad Yusuf al-KandhlawiHayat as-Sahabah (Lives of the Companions)

...acrifice, migration, patience, generosity, and worship. The work is widely read in the Tablighi Jama'at movement and in Isla...

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniAl-Isabah fi Tamyiz as-Sahabah

...ionship is disputed, and those mistakenly listed in earlier works. It is the definitive reference for identifying and authen...

Ibn KhaldunAl-Muqaddimah (Prolegomena)

...n Khaldun's universal history, widely regarded as the first work of sociology, historiography, and philosophy of history. Ib...

Qadi IyadAsh-Shifa

By Qadi Iyad. A beloved work on the rights, qualities, and miracles of the Prophet Muham...

Ibn KathirAl-Fusul fi Sirat ar-Rasul

By Ibn Kathir. A focused seerah work by the author of al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, extracted and reor...

Ibn KhallikanWafayat al-A'yan (Deaths of Eminent Men)

...neage, scholarly achievements, and memorable anecdotes. The work is considered the finest example of the Islamic biographica...

Ibn al-QayyimMadarij as-Salikin

By Ibn al-Qayyim. A profound work on the spiritual journey to Allah, structured as a commenta...

Ibn al-QayyimAl-Wabil as-Sayyib

By Ibn al-Qayyim. A work on the virtues of dhikr (remembrance of Allah) and its tran...

Ibn Qudamah al-MaqdisiMukhtasar Minhaj al-Qasidin

...ah removed the weak and fabricated hadith from al-Ghazali's work while preserving its spiritual and ethical content. The res...

Ibn Rajab al-HanbaliJami al-Ulum wal-Hikam

...arship far exceeds a typical hadith commentary, making this work simultaneously a reference in hadith sciences, fiqh, and sp...

Ibn al-QayyimAl-Jawab al-Kafi (The Sufficient Answer)

...a detailed spiritual remedy rooted in Quran and Sunnah. The work is both a diagnosis of spiritual ailments and a prescriptio...

Ibn al-QayyimAl-Fawa'id

...s study of the Quran, Sunnah, and observations of life. The work covers topics from the nature of the heart and the reality ...

Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali, Ibn al-Qayyim & al-GhazaliTazkiyat an-Nafs (Purification of the Soul)

...bn Rajab al-Hanbali, Ibn al-Qayyim & al-Ghazali. A compiled work drawing from the writings of three major scholars on the pu...

Al-Harith al-MuhasibiRisalat al-Mustarshidin

By Al-Harith al-Muhasibi. One of the earliest works on Islamic ethics and self-accounting (muhasabah). Al-Muha...

Ibn MuflihAl-Adab ash-Shar'iyyah

...ting, neighborly relations, and dozens of other topics. The work uniquely combines fiqh rulings with ethical guidance, makin...

Ibn al-QayyimAd-Da' wad-Dawa' (The Disease and the Cure)

...yyim. Also known as al-Jawab al-Kafi in some editions, this work addresses the devastating effects of sins on the individual...

Ibn MalikAlfiyyat Ibn Malik

...s commentary is the most widely studied explanation of this work.

Ibn ManzurLisan al-Arab

...ng over 80,000 entries. Ibn Manzur compiled this monumental work from five earlier dictionaries, organizing entries by root ...

Ali al-Jarim & Mustafa AminAl-Balaghah al-Wadihah

...ar definitions, Quranic examples, and graded exercises. The work made the traditionally difficult science of Arabic rhetoric...

Imam ash-Shafi'iAr-Risalah

...pecific texts, and the authority of the Sunnah. Every later work of usul al-fiqh builds upon the framework established in th...

Ibn Qudamah al-MaqdisiRawdat an-Nadhir wa Junnat al-Munadhir

By Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi. The most important work of usul al-fiqh in the Hanbali school. Ibn Qudamah based it...

Imam ash-ShawkaniIrshad al-Fuhul

By Imam ash-Shawkani. A comprehensive work on usul al-fiqh by the great Yemeni mujtahid ash-Shawkani. ...

Imam al-GhazaliAl-Mustasfa min Ilm al-Usul

By Imam al-Ghazali. One of the four foundational works of usul al-fiqh in Sunni Islam, alongside ar-Risalah, al-M...

Ash-ShahrastaniAl-Milal wan-Nihal (Religions and Sects)

By Ash-Shahrastani. A pioneering work of comparative religion and heresiography. Ash-Shahrastani ...

Ibn HazmAl-Fisal (The Separator)

By Ibn Hazm. The most detailed work of comparative religion in classical Islamic literature. Ib...

Qadi Abu YusufKitab al-Kharaj (Book of Taxation)

...t of Caliph Harun ar-Rashid, this is the earliest surviving work on Islamic public finance and taxation. Abu Yusuf, the chie...

Ibn KhaldunMuqaddimah (Prolegomenon)

By Ibn Khaldun. A groundbreaking work of social science that preceded modern sociology, historiog...

Al-MizziTahdhib al-Kamal

...ts, and the scholarly evaluation of their reliability. This work is the essential reference for hadith authentication.

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniNukhbat al-Fikar (The Best of Thinking)

...f evaluating hadith narrations into a concise, logical framework that covers the types of hadith chains, narrator evaluation...

Imam as-SuyutiTadrib ar-Rawi

By Imam as-Suyuti. A commentary on an-Nawawi's Taqrib, this work is the most detailed and widely referenced intermediate-lev...

Imam as-SuyutiAl-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran

By Imam as-Suyuti. The most comprehensive work on the sciences of the Quran (ulum al-Quran). As-Suyuti cov...

Az-ZarkashiAl-Burhan fi Ulum al-Quran

...rivation, and the philosophy of Quranic interpretation. The work's rigorous methodology established it as a foundational tex...

Imam as-SarakhsiAl-Mabsut

By Imam as-Sarakhsi. The largest and most comprehensive work of Hanafi fiqh ever compiled. As-Sarakhsi dictated this 30-...

Imam an-NawawiAl-Minhaj Sharh Sahih Muslim

...s, and points of scholarly consensus and disagreement. This work complemented his Minhaj at-Talibin in fiqh to form the core...

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniAl-Isabah (Identifying the Companions)

...ormation about each Companion, correcting errors in earlier works and establishing definitive identifications. The work is t...

Ibn al-QayyimMiftah Dar as-Sa'adah (Key to the Abode of Happiness)

By Ibn al-Qayyim. A wide-ranging work that begins as a treatise on the virtue of knowledge and ex...

Ibn al-QayyimIghathat al-Lahfan (Aid for the Yearning)

...ecific remedies from the Quran and Sunnah for each one. The work covers the diseases of the heart, the importance of sinceri...

Ibn al-JawziTalbis Iblis (The Devil's Deceptions)

...fferent forms of self-deception and Satanic suggestion. The work is both a warning against spiritual complacency and a guide...

Ibn al-JawziSifat as-Safwah (Attributes of the Elite)

...and devotion to present models of spiritual excellence. The work covers prophets, companions, tabi'in, and later scholars, o...

Qadi IyadAsh-Shifa (The Healing)

By Qadi Iyad. One of the most beloved works on the Prophet Muhammad in Islamic literature. Qadi Iyad, ...

Imam at-TirmidhiAsh-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyyah

...pt, laughed, cried, walked, and interacted with people. The work paints an intimate, detailed portrait of the Prophet's pers...

Imam al-GhazaliAl-Wajiz fi Fiqh al-Imam ash-Shafi'i

...at summarizes the relied-upon positions of the school. This work served as the basis for al-Rafi'i's al-Aziz and ultimately ...

Imam al-GhazaliTahafut al-Falasifah (Incoherence of the Philosophers)

By Imam al-Ghazali. A landmark work in the history of philosophy where al-Ghazali systematicall...

Imam al-GhazaliAl-Munqidh min ad-Dalal (Deliverance from Error)

...ugh Sufism. Often compared to Augustine's Confessions, this work describes al-Ghazali's engagement with theology, philosophy...

Shah Waliullah ad-DihlawiHujjat Allah al-Balighah (The Conclusive Argument from God)

By Shah Waliullah ad-Dihlawi. A groundbreaking work that attempts to explain the wisdom and rationale behind Is...

Imam al-GhazaliMa'arij al-Quds (Ascents of the Holy)

By Imam al-Ghazali. A work on self-knowledge and the stages of the soul's journey towa...

Ibn TaymiyyahMajmu' al-Fatawa (Collection of Fatwas)

...d and organized by scholars after his death, this 37-volume work covers creed, worship, jurisprudence, Sufism, logic, philos...

Ibn TaymiyyahIqtida as-Sirat al-Mustaqim

...aintaining the unique identity of the Muslim community. The work addresses festivals, customs, dress, and other areas where ...

Muhammad ibn Abdul WahhabKashf ash-Shubuhat (Removal of Doubts)

..., and the statements of classical scholars as evidence. The work is a companion text to his Kitab at-Tawhid.

Imam an-NawawiAt-Tibyan fi Adab Hamalat al-Quran

...pecific surahs, and practical advice for memorization. This work has served as the standard guide for Quran students and tea...

Imam an-NawawiRawdat at-Talibin

...Aziz, correcting and selecting the strongest positions. The work covers all chapters of Islamic jurisprudence from purificat...

Ibn Nujaym al-MisriAl-Bahr ar-Ra'iq

...h strong evidence and discusses practical applications. The work is valued for its precision and is a standard reference in ...

Imam al-KasaniBada'i as-Sana'i

...ditional chapter format. Al-Kasani rearranged his teacher's work to show how rulings derive from underlying legal reasoning....

Ibn Hazm al-AndalusiAl-Muhalla bil-Athar

By Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi. The most important work of Zahiri (literalist) jurisprudence. Ibn Hazm examines eve...

Imam ad-DasuqiHashiyat ad-Dasuqi

... is itself a commentary on Khalil's Mukhtasar. This layered work is a primary reference in Maliki jurisprudence, especially ...

Abu as-Su'ud al-ImadiIrshad al-Aql as-Salim (Tafsir Abu as-Su'ud)

...alysis with Maturidi theology and Hanafi jurisprudence. The work is particularly valued for its rhetorical analysis and atte...

Imam al-AlusiRuh al-Ma'ani

...lysis. Al-Alusi, the Mufti of Baghdad, engaged with earlier works like ar-Razi, al-Baydawi, and Abu as-Su'ud, creating a com...

Imam al-BaghawiSharh as-Sunnah

...ences of opinion among the madhabs. A valuable intermediate work between hadith and fiqh.

Imam Ahmad ibn HanbalKitab az-Zuhd

..., and detachment from worldly pleasures. An important early work on Islamic spirituality.

Imam al-GhazaliAl-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad

By Imam al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali's mature work on Islamic theology, presenting the Ash'ari creed with rati...

Imam al-JuwayniAl-Irshad

By Imam al-Juwayni. An advanced work on Ash'ari theology by al-Ghazali's teacher, known as Imam ...

Abu Talib al-MakkiQut al-Qulub

By Abu Talib al-Makki. A foundational work on Islamic spirituality that heavily influenced al-Ghazali'...

Imam al-MuhasibiKitab ar-Ri'ayah

By Imam al-Muhasibi. One of the earliest systematic works on spiritual psychology in Islam. Al-Muhasibi (whose name ...

Imam al-MawardiAdab ad-Dunya wad-Din

By Imam al-Mawardi. A comprehensive work on the etiquettes of both worldly and religious life. Al-Ma...

Ibn HibbanRawdat al-Uqala

...uettes compiled by the great hadith scholar Ibn Hibban. The work covers topics such as intelligence, patience, silence, spee...

Ibn JinniAl-Khasa'is

By Ibn Jinni. A groundbreaking work on Arabic linguistic theory and the philosophy of language....

Abd al-Qahir al-JurjaniDala'il al-I'jaz

By Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani. A foundational work on Arabic rhetoric and the inimitability (i'jaz) of the Qur...

Abd al-Qahir al-JurjaniAsrar al-Balaghah

By Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani. A companion work to Dala'il al-I'jaz, focusing on the figures of speech (maj...

Fakhr ad-Din ar-RaziAl-Mahsul

...ad-Din ar-Razi. One of the most important and comprehensive works on Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh). Ar-Razi synthesize...

Sayf ad-Din al-AmidiAl-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam (al-Amidi)

By Sayf ad-Din al-Amidi. A masterwork of Islamic legal theory that became a standard advanced tex...

Ibn Hazm al-AndalusiAl-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam (Ibn Hazm)

...he apparent meaning of texts. A brilliant and controversial work that challenges the legal theories of the other schools wit...

Imam al-QarafiAl-Furuq (Anwar al-Buruq)

By Imam al-Qarafi. A unique work in Islamic jurisprudence that identifies and explains the s...

Imam al-Hakim an-NaysaburiMa'rifat Ulum al-Hadith

... Imam al-Hakim an-Naysaburi. One of the earliest systematic works on hadith methodology, classifying the sciences of hadith ...

Al-Khatib al-BaghdadiAl-Jami li-Akhlaq ar-Rawi

By Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. A work on the etiquettes and ethics of hadith narrators and studen...

Ibn KathirAs-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah

...athir's biography of the Prophet, extracted from his larger work al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah. It combines the narrative approach ...

Imam al-BaladhuriFutuh al-Buldan

By Imam al-Baladhuri. A foundational work on the early Islamic conquests, covering the expansion from...

Ibn FarhunTabsirat al-Hukkam

By Ibn Farhun. The most important Maliki work on Islamic judicial procedure. Ibn Farhun covers the qualif...

Imam ash-ShatibiAl-Muwafaqat (detailed)

By Imam ash-Shatibi. A revolutionary work on the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid ash-shariah) that...

Ibn as-SalahMuqaddimah Ibn as-Salah

By Ibn as-Salah. The most influential intermediate work on hadith terminology and methodology, synthesizing the ear...

Imam as-SuyutiAl-Iklil fi Istinbat at-Tanzil

By Imam as-Suyuti. A work dedicated to extracting legal rulings from the Quran, organ...

Ibn Abd al-BarrAl-Istidhkar

By Ibn Abd al-Barr. A companion work to at-Tamhid, this commentary on al-Muwatta is organized by...

Al-Khatib al-BaghdadiTarikh Baghdad

...otable figures who lived in or visited Baghdad. Al-Khatib's work is invaluable for Islamic intellectual history, providing d...

Sa'd ad-Din at-TaftazaniSharh al-Maqasid

By Sa'd ad-Din at-Taftazani. An advanced work on Islamic theology that became a standard textbook in Otto...

Abd al-Qadir al-QurashiAl-Jawahir al-Mudiyyah

...hical dictionary of Hanafi scholars, covering the lives and works of jurists from the school's founding through the 8th cent...

Imam ash-Shafi'iAr-Risalah fi Usul al-Fiqh (Shafi'i)

By Imam ash-Shafi'i. The first systematic work on Islamic legal theory ever written. Ash-Shafi'i laid out ...

Abu Ishaq ash-ShiraziAl-Muhadhdhab

...entation of Shafi'i positions with their evidence made this work a standard reference for centuries.

Imam al-Harawi al-AnsariManazil as-Sa'irin

...wrote his famous Madarij as-Salikin as a commentary on this work.

Ibn Qudamah al-MaqdisiAl-Muqni

... primary positions of the Hanbali school concisely, and the work attracted several important commentaries including al-Insaf...

Imam al-JuwayniAl-Burhan fi Usul al-Fiqh

By Imam al-Juwayni. A masterwork of Shafi'i legal theory by al-Ghazali's teacher, Imam al-Ha...

Ibn Rushd al-JaddAl-Muqaddimaat al-Mumahhidaat

By Ibn Rushd al-Jadd. A foundational work in Maliki jurisprudence by the grandfather of the famous ph...

Al-MawardiAl-Hawi al-Kabir

...opedia that comments on al-Muzani's Mukhtasar. Al-Mawardi's work is notable for its thoroughness in presenting all opinions ...

Ibn Battal al-QurtubiSharh Sahih al-Bukhari by Ibn Battal

...s of fiqh. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani frequently referenced this work in his own commentary.

Qadi IyadIkmal al-Mu'lim

...Muslim by the renowned Maliki judge Qadi Iyad of Ceuta. The work explains hadith meanings, extracts legal rulings, and discu...

As-SakkakiMiftah al-Ulum

...ment). As-Sakkaki's classification became the standard framework for studying Arabic rhetoric and remains the basis for bala...

Ibn Hisham al-AnsariSharh Shudur adh-Dhahab

... gap between beginner texts like al-Ajrumiyyah and advanced works like Alfiyyat Ibn Malik.

Ibn Hisham al-AnsariMughni al-Labib

By Ibn Hisham al-Ansari. The most important work on Arabic grammar for Quranic parsing and understanding. Ib...

Ibn Abd al-BarrAl-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab

...later wrote al-Isabah partly to supplement and correct this work.

Ibn al-Athir al-JazariUsd al-Ghabah

...e companions that synthesized and improved upon the earlier works of Ibn Abd al-Barr and Abu Nu'aym. Ibn al-Athir arranged e...

Ibn al-Qayyim al-JawziyyahI'lam al-Muwaqqi'in (detailed)

By Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. A groundbreaking work on Islamic legal theory that emphasizes the objectives and ...

Ibn al-Qayyim al-JawziyyahAt-Turuq al-Hukmiyyah

By Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. A specialized work on Islamic judicial policy (siyasah shar'iyyah) and the met...

Ibn al-Qayyim al-JawziyyahTibb an-Nabawi (Prophetic Medicine)

...n al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. Extracted from Zad al-Ma'ad, this work compiles the Prophet's guidance on health, diet, and medici...

Al-JahizAl-Bayan wat-Tabyin

... of Arabic eloquence. It remains one of the most celebrated works of Arabic literary criticism and adab literature.

Ahmad al-QastallaniAl-Mawahib al-Ladunniyyah

...im. Al-Qastallani drew from hundreds of sources to create a work that celebrates the Prophet's character and spiritual stati...

Hajji Khalifah (Katib Celebi)Kashf az-Zunun

... in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. Hajji Khalifah lists each work with its author, subject, and often a brief description. An...

Wahbah az-ZuhayliAl-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh

...h their evidence, then discussing modern applications. This work bridges classical scholarship and contemporary needs, widel...

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ash-ShaybaniAl-Muwatta (Imam Muhammad's recension)

...agrees or differs from Malik's position, making it a unique work that bridges the two great schools of early Islamic law.

Rahmatullah al-KairanawiIzhar al-Haqq

...etween the author and a Christian missionary in India, this work examines the textual integrity of the Bible and argues for ...

Muhammad at-Tahir ibn AshurMaqasid ash-Shari'ah

By Muhammad at-Tahir ibn Ashur. The most important modern work on the objectives of Islamic law, building on ash-Shatibi's...

Muhammad at-Tahir ibn AshurTafsir at-Tahrir wat-Tanwir

...ach of examining each surah's overarching themes makes this work distinctive among 20th-century commentaries.

Sulayman al-JamalAl-Futuhat al-Ilahiyyah

...sis. It became one of the most studied supplementary tafsir works in traditional Islamic education.

Ibn QudamahAl-Mughni ala Mukhtasar al-Khiraqi

...cyclopedia of Hanbali jurisprudence and one of the greatest works of Islamic comparative law. Ibn Qudamah systematically pre...

Ibn Hajar al-HaytamiTuhfat al-Muhtaj

...alibin, alongside Nihayat al-Muhtaj. Ibn Hajar al-Haytami's work is particularly followed in the Hadrami, Southeast Asian, a...

Abu Ishaq al-ShiraziAl-Muhadhdhab

...afi'i legal text that became one of the most commented-upon works in Islamic jurisprudence. Al-Nawawi's famous al-Majmu' is ...

Muhammad al-DasuqiHashiyat al-Dasuqi

...r's Sharh al-Kabir, serving as one of the primary reference works in the Maliki school. Al-Dasuqi provides additional analys...

Kamal al-Din Ibn al-HumamFath al-Qadir

...rful commentary on al-Hidayah, considered one of the finest works of Hanafi legal analysis. Ibn al-Humam combines deep knowl...

Ala' al-Din al-MardawiAl-Insaf

By Ala' al-Din al-Mardawi. The definitive work for determining the preferred opinion within the Hanbali sc...

Musa al-HajjawiAl-Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa

...ti's Kashshaf al-Qina' is the celebrated commentary on this work.

Shams al-Din Ibn MuflihAl-Furu

By Shams al-Din Ibn Muflih. One of the most comprehensive works in Hanbali jurisprudence, covering the various narrations ...

Mansur al-BuhutiSharh Muntaha al-Iradat

...l Hanbali references alongside Kashshaf al-Qina'. These two works together form the backbone of authoritative Hanbali legal ...

Ibn Rushd al-JaddAl-Bayan wal-Tahsil

...sive analysis of early Maliki opinions, making it a crucial work for understanding the school's formative period.

Shihab al-Din al-QarafiAl-Dhakhirah

By Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi. One of the most comprehensive works of Maliki jurisprudence, covering the entire range of Isla...

Shams al-Aimma al-SarakhsiAl-Mabsut

By Shams al-Aimma al-Sarakhsi. The most comprehensive work of Hanafi jurisprudence ever written, dictated by al-Sarakh...

Ala' al-Din al-KasaniBadai al-Sanai

... reasoning made it one of the most appreciated Hanafi legal works.

Ibn Abd al-BarrAl-Istidhkar

By Ibn Abd al-Barr. A companion work to al-Tamhid, organized by legal chapter rather than by cha...

Qadi IyadIkmal al-Mu'allim

...ing a comprehensive commentary on Sahih Muslim. Qadi Iyad's work became the foundation for al-Nawawi's later commentary on S...

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniAl-Talkhis al-Habir

By Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. A critical work of hadith verification (takhrij) for the hadiths cited in a...

Jamal al-Din al-Zayla'iNasb al-Rayah

By Jamal al-Din al-Zayla'i. A groundbreaking work of hadith verification for al-Marginani's al-Hidayah. Al-Za...

Jamal al-Din al-MizziTahdhib al-Kamal

By Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi. The most comprehensive work on hadith narrator biographies in Islamic scholarship. Al-M...

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniTahdhib al-Tahdhib

...dditional critical assessments and corrections. Ibn Hajar's work became the standard quick-reference for hadith narrator cri...

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniLisan al-Mizan

By Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. A reworking of al-Dhahabi's Mizan al-I'tidal focused on weak and dis...

Izz al-Din Ibn al-AthirUsd al-Ghabah

...aphical dictionary of the Companions, compiled from earlier works by Ibn Abd al-Barr, Ibn Mandah, and Abu Nu'aym. Ibn al-Ath...

al-MasudiMuruj al-Dhahab

By al-Masudi. A pioneering work of world history and geography by the "Herodotus of the Ara...

Ibn KhaldunKitab al-Ibar

By Ibn Khaldun. The full historical work of which the famous Muqaddimah is the introduction. The Kit...

Abu Ishaq ash-ShatibiAl-Muwafaqat fi Usul ash-Shari'ah

By Abu Ishaq ash-Shatibi. A groundbreaking work on the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid ash-shari'ah). As...

Jalal ad-Din as-SuyutiAl-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran

By Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. The most comprehensive classical work on the sciences of the Quran, covering 80 categories includ...

Badr ad-Din az-ZarkashiAl-Burhan fi Ulum al-Quran

By Badr ad-Din az-Zarkashi. A pioneering encyclopedic work on the sciences of the Quran, organized into 47 types of Qu...

Al-Hakim an-NaysaburiAl-Mustadrak ala as-Sahihayn

...ments of their authenticity. Adh-Dhahabi later reviewed the work and provided corrections in his Talkhis.

Ali ibn Umar ad-DaraqutniSunan ad-Daraqutni

...lleled precision, noting defects and hidden weaknesses. The work is essential for specialists in hadith criticism and compar...

Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn KhuzaymahSahih Ibn Khuzaymah

...ary command of hadith. Only about a quarter of the original work survives, but it remains an important source for hadith sch...

Ali ibn Umar ad-DaraqutniAl-Ilal (Hidden Defects in Hadith)

By Ali ibn Umar ad-Daraqutni. A masterwork of hadith criticism identifying hidden defects (ilal) in na...

Abu Ahmad ibn AdiAl-Kamil fi Du'afa ar-Rijal

By Abu Ahmad ibn Adi. The most comprehensive classical work on weak hadith narrators. Ibn Adi examines approximately 2,...

Ibn Abi Hatim ar-RaziAl-Jarh wat-Ta'dil

...narrators. It is one of the earliest and most authoritative works in the science of narrator evaluation.

Shams ad-Din adh-DhahabiTadhkirat al-Huffaz

...scribes the scholar's training, teachers, students, notable works, and rank in hadith memorization. It is a key source for t...

Shams al-A'immah as-SarakhsiAl-Mabsut

By Shams al-A'immah as-Sarakhsi. The most comprehensive work of Hanafi jurisprudence, dictated by as-Sarakhsi to his stu...

Ala ad-Din al-KasaniBada'i as-Sana'i fi Tartib ash-Shara'i

By Ala ad-Din al-Kasani. A major Hanafi fiqh work renowned for its excellent organization and systematic pres...

Ala ad-Din al-MardawiAl-Insaf fi Ma'rifat ar-Rajih min al-Khilaf

By Ala ad-Din al-Mardawi. The most important work for determining the relied-upon (mu'tamad) position within ...

Zayn ad-Din al-IraqiAl-Mughni an Haml al-Asfar (Takhrij al-Ihya)

...rration, and identifies weak or fabricated narrations. This work is essential for anyone studying the Ihya, as it separates ...

Zayn ad-Din ibn NujaymAl-Ashbah wan-Naza'ir (Hanafi Legal Maxims)

...yn ad-Din ibn Nujaym. The Hanafi counterpart to as-Suyuti's work on legal maxims. Ibn Nujaym systematizes Hanafi fiqh around...

Ibn KhaldunAl-Muqaddimah (The Prolegomenon)

By Ibn Khaldun. One of the most important works in the history of social science. Ibn Khaldun analyzes the...

Abu al-Fath ash-ShahrastaniAl-Milal wan-Nihal (Religions and Sects)

By Abu al-Fath ash-Shahrastani. A pioneering work of comparative religion that catalogues and describes the m...

Abu al-Qasim al-QushayriAr-Risalah al-Qushayriyyah

...Sufi terminology and practice within an orthodox Sunni framework. Al-Qushayri defines key spiritual states and stations, pro...

Abu Talib al-MakkiQut al-Qulub (Nourishment of Hearts)

By Abu Talib al-Makki. An important early work on Islamic spirituality that influenced al-Ghazali's Ihya U...

Ibn Ata'illah as-SakandariAl-Hikam al-Ata'iyyah (Aphorisms of Wisdom)

...cumstances. Numerous commentaries have been written on this work, which is studied across the Muslim world.

Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ariAl-Ibanah an Usul ad-Diyanah

By Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. A creedal work written after Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari left the Mu'tazili sc...

Abu Bakr al-BaqillaniAt-Tamhid (The Preparation)

...u Bakr al-Baqillani. An important early Ash'ari theological work that systematizes the arguments for God's existence, prophe...

Imam al-Haramayn al-JuwayniAl-Irshad ila Qawati' al-Adillah

...r-student lineage (al-Juwayni taught al-Ghazali) makes this work pivotal in Islamic intellectual history.

Abu Hamid al-GhazaliAl-Iqtisad fil-I'tiqad (Moderation in Belief)

... between excessive rationalism and pure traditionalism. The work covers God's existence, attributes, prophethood, and eschat...

Ibn TaymiyyahMinhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah

By Ibn Taymiyyah. A major theological and historical work written as a refutation of the Shia theologian Ibn al-Mutah...

Abu al-Mu'in an-NasafiTabsirat al-Adillah fi Usul ad-Din

By Abu al-Mu'in an-Nasafi. The most comprehensive work of Maturidi theology, systematically presenting the theolog...

Abu Mansur al-MaturidiKitab at-Tawhid

...uridi school of theology, establishing the theological framework that would become dominant in the Hanafi world. Al-Maturidi...

Abu Hamid al-GhazaliAl-Mustasfa min Ilm al-Usul

By Abu Hamid al-Ghazali. One of the four foundational works of usul al-fiqh in Sunni Islam. Al-Ghazali introduces Aris...

Fakhr ad-Din ar-RaziAl-Mahsul fi Usul al-Fiqh

... ar-Razi. A comprehensive and philosophically sophisticated work on usul al-fiqh that builds on al-Ghazali's Al-Mustasfa. Ar...

Sayf ad-Din al-AmidiAl-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam

By Sayf ad-Din al-Amidi. One of the four foundational works of usul al-fiqh. Al-Amidi synthesizes the methodologies of...

Majd ad-Din ibn TaymiyyahAl-Muharrar fil-Fiqh

...anual by the grandfather of Taqi ad-Din ibn Taymiyyah. This work compiles the relied-upon positions of the Hanbali school wi...

Shams ad-Din ibn MuflihAl-Furu'

By Shams ad-Din ibn Muflih. A comprehensive Hanbali fiqh work that systematically presents the various opinions within th...

Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn DuwayyanManar as-Sabil fi Sharh ad-Dalil

...bani's Irwa al-Ghalil provides hadith verification for this work.

Abu Bakr ad-DimyatiI'anat at-Talibin

...e notes, elaborations, and practical guidance that make the work accessible to students and scholars alike.

Shams ad-Din al-Khatib ash-ShirbiniMughni al-Muhtaj

...ritative later Shafi'i references. Al-Khatib ash-Shirbini's work is particularly valued for its clear exposition and for pro...

Sahnun ibn Sa'idAl-Mudawwanah al-Kubra

... through his student Ibn al-Qasim into a comprehensive fiqh work covering all chapters of law. It is the primary source for ...

Abu Sa'id al-Baradhi'iAt-Tahdhib fi Ikhtisar al-Mudawwanah

...d streamlined the material for easier study. Al-Baradhi'i's work became the basis for later teaching in the Maliki school, p...

Abu Umar ibn Abd al-BarrAl-Kafi fi Fiqh Ahl al-Madinah

...Andalusian hadith scholar Ibn Abd al-Barr. Unlike his other works which are comparative, this book focuses specifically on t...

Shihab ad-Din al-QarafiAdh-Dhakhirah (The Treasury)

... fatwa and qada (judicial ruling), produces a comprehensive work that goes beyond mere Maliki positions to analyze the reaso...

Shihab ad-Din al-QarafiAl-Furuq (Anwar al-Buruq fi Anwa' al-Furuq)

By Shihab ad-Din al-Qarafi. A groundbreaking work that identifies 548 distinctions (furuq) between apparently...

Ibn Hazm al-AndalusiAl-Muhalla bil-Athar

By Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi. The most comprehensive work of Zahiri (literalist) jurisprudence, covering the entire r...

Imam ash-Shafi'iAl-Umm

By Imam ash-Shafi'i. The foundational fiqh work of Imam ash-Shafi'i containing his 'new' (jadid) legal opin...

Izz ad-Din ibn al-AthirUsd al-Ghabah fi Ma'rifat as-Sahabah

... dictionary of the Companions that synthesizes four earlier works.

Imam an-NawawiAl-Majmu' Sharh al-Muhadhdhab

... magisterial commentary on Al-Muhadhdhab, the most detailed work of comparative fiqh in the Shafi'i tradition.

Abu al-Hasan al-MawardiAl-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah

By Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi. The most important classical work on Islamic political theory and constitutional law.

Articles28 results
FamilyMarriage in Islam (Nikah)

The Islamic framework for marriage: conditions, rights and obligations, mahr, and...

JurisprudenceHalal and Haram — The Lawful and Prohibited

The Islamic framework for determining what is permissible and prohibited, and the...

SocietyStatus of Women in Islam

The Quranic framework for women's rights: spiritual equality, property rights, ed...

FinanceMurabaha — Cost-Plus Financing

The most common Islamic financing instrument: how it works, its conditions, and how it differs from interest.

QuranTafsir Methodology — Interpreting the Quran

The science of Quran exegesis: its sources, types, major works, and the qualifications of a mufassir.

ScienceMuslim Contributions to Astronomy

...ow Muslim astronomers mapped the heavens and laid the groundwork for modern astronomy.

ScienceAl-Khwarizmi: Father of Algebra

...nary contributions of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, whose work gave the world algebra and algorithms.

FinanceThe Concept of a Halal Economy

How Islamic economic principles create an ethical framework for finance, trade, and wealth distribution.

HistoryIbn Taymiyyah: Scholar, Reformer, and Controversialist

The life, works, and enduring influence of one of Islam's most cited and d...

HistoryImam al-Ghazali: The Proof of Islam

The life, intellectual journey, and transformative works of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, one of Islam's greatest thinkers.

JurisprudenceAwl and Radd: Adjustments in Islamic Inheritance

... estate (awl) or when shares do not exhaust it (radd), with worked examples.

FamilyTarbiyah: Raising Children in Islam

The Islamic framework for child-rearing, from naming and aqiqah to teaching praye...

ScienceCloning and Genetic Engineering: An Islamic Perspective

The Islamic ethical framework for evaluating genetic technologies, the distinction betwee...

HistoryIbn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: Scholar of the Heart

The life and works of Ibn al-Qayyim, his relationship with Ibn Taymiyyah, his...

HistoryImam al-Dhahabi: The Historian of Islam

The life and works of al-Dhahabi, author of Siyar A'lam al-Nubala and Mizan a...

EthicsRights of Workers and Employees in Islam

The Prophet's emphasis on paying workers promptly, fair wages, safe working conditions, and the I...

ScienceJabir ibn Hayyan: The Father of Chemistry

The pioneering work of Jabir ibn Hayyan in experimental chemistry, his classifi...

HadithThe Four Sunan Collections: Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasai, and Ibn Majah

An overview of the four major sunan works that complement Bukhari and Muslim, their methodologies, u...

HadithBeyond the Six Books: Other Important Hadith Collections

An overview of significant hadith works outside the six canonical books, including Sahih Ibn Hibba...

EthicsThe Islamic Work Ethic

...abor to an act of worship, the prophetic example of valuing work, and the balance between worldly effort and spiritual devot...

EthicsMutual Rights of Husband and Wife

The balanced framework of marital rights and responsibilities in Islam, where each...

HistoryIbn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: Scholar of the Heart and Mind

The prolific student of Ibn Taymiyyah whose works on spirituality, theology, and jurisprudence remain widely...

HistoryIbn Khaldun: The Father of Sociology and Historiography

...neered the study of history as a science and laid the groundwork for modern sociology.

HistoryIbn Hazm: The Andalusian Polymath

The scholar of Cordoba who authored works on theology, jurisprudence, comparative religion, and love...

HistoryImam al-Nawawi: A Life of Scholarship and Piety

The Syrian scholar who died at 45 but left enduring works including Riyad al-Salihin, Sharh Sahih Muslim, and the Fo...

HistoryImam al-Shafi'i: Founder of Legal Theory

...e methodology of Islamic jurisprudence in his revolutionary work al-Risalah, uniting the Hijazi and Iraqi schools of thought...

DawahInterfaith Dialogue: The Islamic Framework

The Quranic basis for engaging with people of other faiths, the historical precedent from the Prophet's dealings, and the principles that guide productive dialo

FamilyThe Islamic Approach to Grief and Loss

How Islam provides a framework for coping with the death of loved ones, the permissibility...

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