Battle of Marj Dabiq: Ottoman Conquest of the Mamluks

Sultan Selim I defeated the Mamluk Sultanate at Marj Dabiq near Aleppo. This victory led to Ottoman control of Syria, Egypt, and the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The Ottoman sultan assumed the role of protector of the Haramain (the two holy mosques), a title of immense religious significance.