Naskh Script: The Standard Arabic Calligraphy

Definition

Naskh (خط النسخ) is the most widely used Arabic calligraphic script, serving as the standard for printing the Quran, books, and everyday writing throughout the Muslim world. Its name comes from the Arabic root meaning 'to copy,' reflecting its practical clarity and readability.

Development

Naskh evolved from earlier cursive scripts and was refined into a systematic calligraphic style by Ibn Muqlah (886-940 CE), who established the proportional system (al-khatt al-mansub) based on the rhombic dot, the alif, and the circle. His system made calligraphy a measurable, teachable science rather than mere artistry. The script was further perfected by Ibn al-Bawwab (d. 1022 CE) and Yaqut al-Musta'simi (d. 1298 CE), whose styles became the standard for subsequent generations.

Characteristics

Naskh is characterized by its rounded, flowing forms, moderate line thickness, and clear letter differentiation. Unlike Kufic, it includes full diacritical marks and voweling, making it easier to read. The script balances beauty with legibility, which explains its dominance in Quran printing and general publishing.

Usage Today

Naskh is the script of choice for printed Qurans (the standard Madinah Mushaf uses Naskh), newspapers, books, and digital Arabic fonts. Most Arabic text on the internet and in word processors uses Naskh-based typefaces. It is also the first script taught to students of Arabic calligraphy.