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TheologyBid'ah — Innovation in Religion

What constitutes religious innovation, the scholarly difference between good and bad innovation, and its bound...

WorshipSalat at-Tarawih — Ramadan Night Prayers

...rayers of Ramadan: their origin, number of rak'ahs, and the scholarly discussion.

JurisprudenceIjtihad — Independent Legal Reasoning

When and how scholars exercise independent reasoning to derive new rulings from ...

JurisprudenceQiyas — Analogical Reasoning in Islamic Law

The fourth source of Islamic law: how scholars derive new rulings by analogy to existing ones.

JurisprudenceIjma — Scholarly Consensus

The third source of Islamic law: what constitutes consensus, its authority, and famous examples throughout history.

HistoryAl-Andalus — Islamic Spain

... Muslim rule in Iberia: Cordoba, convivencia, architecture, scholarship, and the Reconquista.

HadithHadith Classification — Grades and Categories

How scholars grade hadith: sahih, hasan, da'if, and mawdu. The criteria...

QuranNaskh — Abrogation in the Quran and Sunnah

The concept of abrogation: what it means, scholarly views, examples, and common misconceptions.

HistoryOttoman Scholars and Their Contributions

The intellectual tradition of the Ottoman Empire, from Sheyhulislam fatwas to advances in astronomy, architecture, and law.

FinanceThe Eight Categories of Zakat Recipients

... groups eligible for zakat as mentioned in Quran 9:60, with scholarly rulings on distribution.

HistoryAisha bint Abi Bakr: Scholar of the Ummah

The remarkable scholarship of Aisha, who narrated over 2,200 hadiths and was a lea...

JurisprudenceUsul al-Fiqh: Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence

An introduction to the principles scholars use to derive rulings from the Quran, Sunnah, ijma, and qi...

JurisprudenceMustalah al-Hadith: The Science of Hadith Classification

How scholars classify hadiths as sahih, hasan, and da'if, and the metho...

QuranProphet Musa (Moses): The Kalimullah

The life of Musa, from his rescue as an infant to confronting Pharaoh, the parting of the sea, and receiving the Torah on Mount Sinai.

HistoryImam Abu Hanifa: The Great Imam

The life and legacy of the founder of the Hanafi school, the oldest and largest madhab in Sunni Islam.

HistoryImam Malik ibn Anas: The Scholar of Madinah

The life and methodology of the Maliki school's founder, author of al-Muwatta, the earliest surviving hadith collection.

HistoryImam ash-Shafii: The Architect of Usul al-Fiqh

The scholar who systematized Islamic legal theory and wrote al-Risala, ...

HistoryImam Ahmad ibn Hanbal: The Champion of Sunnah

The imam who endured the mihnah (inquisition) for refusing to accept the createdness of the Quran and compiled the Musnad.

HistoryImam al-Bukhari and His Sahih Collection

The extraordinary methodology of Imam al-Bukhari, who selected 7,275 hadiths from 600,000 narrations for the most authentic hadith book.

HistoryImam Muslim and His Sahih Collection

The methodology and structure of Sahih Muslim, considered the second most authentic hadith compilation after Sahih al-Bukhari.

EducationSeeking Knowledge: An Obligation in Islam

The Prophet said seeking knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim. The types of knowledge, their priority, and the etiquette of the student.

JurisprudencePrayer of the Traveler: Qasr and Jam

...n shortening and combining prayers, with the conditions and scholarly opinions.

JurisprudenceTayammum: Dry Ablution When Water Is Unavailable

The conditions, method, and scholarly rulings on performing ablution with clean earth when wate...

FamilyBreastfeeding in Islamic Law: Ridaa and Its Legal Effects

...ates mahram relationships in Islam, the conditions, and the scholars' positions.

TheologyThe Athari Creed: The Way of the Salaf in Aqeedah

... of the Athari theological methodology, its principles, key scholars, and relationship to Ash'ari and Maturidi schools.

EducationLogic (Mantiq) in the Islamic Intellectual Tradition

..., adaptation, and debate over Aristotelian logic in Islamic scholarship and its role in the religious sciences.

JurisprudenceThe Debate Over Music in Islam

The scholarly positions on the permissibility of music and singing in I...

HistoryIslamic Civilization's Contributions to Humanity

A survey of how Muslim scholars advanced human knowledge in science, medicine, mathematics...

HadithAn Overview of Hadith Methodology (Mustalah al-Hadith)

How Muslim scholars developed a rigorous science for authenticating and classi...

JurisprudenceIjtihad and Taqlid: Independent Reasoning and Following Scholarship

...s of independent juristic reasoning and following qualified scholars, and the balance between them.

HistoryIbn Taymiyyah: Scholar, Reformer, and Controversialist

...enduring influence of one of Islam's most cited and debated scholars.

HistoryImam al-Ghazali: The Proof of Islam

The life, intellectual journey, and transformative works of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, one of Islam's greatest thinkers.

WorshipMasah: Wiping Over Socks in Wudu

... socks during ablution, including conditions, duration, and scholarly opinions.

WorshipSunnah Prayers (Rawatib) Before and After Obligatory Salah

...ying each of the five daily prayers, their virtues, and the scholarly consensus on their importance.

WorshipSujud al-Tilawah: The Prostration of Recitation

...ion upon reciting or hearing specific Quran verses, and the scholarly differences on its ruling.

FinanceZakat on Business and Trade Goods

...iness assets, and trade goods, with calculation methods and scholarly opinions.

FamilyThe Wali: The Marriage Guardian in Islamic Law

The role of the marriage guardian, who qualifies, the scholarly differences on whether the wali is a condition of a valid...

FamilyThe Islamic Wedding and Walimah (Wedding Feast)

The Sunnah of publicizing marriage, the walimah feast, its rulings, recommended practices, and common inn...

FinanceRiba: A Detailed Study of the Prohibition of Interest

...f riba (al-fadl and al-nasiah), its economic harms, and the scholarly consensus.

ScienceOrgan Donation and Transplantation in Islamic Law

The scholarly debate on organ donation, the conditions under which it i...

ScienceCloning and Genetic Engineering: An Islamic Perspective

...stinction between therapeutic and reproductive cloning, and scholarly rulings.

HistoryImam al-Nawawi: His Life and Legacy

The biography of one of Islam's greatest scholars, author of Riyad al-Salihin and the Forty Hadith, his asce...

HistoryIbn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: Scholar of the Heart

The life and works of Ibn al-Qayyim, his relationship with Ibn Taymiyyah, his contributions to Islamic spirituality, medicine, and jurisprudence.

HistoryImam al-Dhahabi: The Historian of Islam

...Mizan al-I'tidal, and his critical approach to biographical scholarship.

JurisprudenceMaslahah: Public Interest in Islamic Jurisprudence

...), its use as a supplementary source of law, the conditions scholars placed on it, and debates on its scope.

EthicsTafakkur: The Art of Reflection in Islam

The Quranic call to reflect on creation, the scholars' emphasis on contemplation as worship, and how tafakkur de...

QuranMakki and Madani Surahs: Characteristics and Themes

How scholars distinguish between surahs revealed in Mecca and Medina, t...

QuranNasikh wa Mansukh: Abrogation in the Quran

...laced by later ones, the types of abrogation, examples, and scholarly debate on its scope.

QuranMuhkam and Mutashabih: Clear and Ambiguous Verses

...hose precise interpretation is known only to Allah, and how scholars approach each type.

QuranTafsir bil-Ra'y: Reason-Based Interpretation

The methodology of interpreting the Quran through scholarly reasoning and ijtihad, its conditions for validity, and t...

QuranHuruf al-Muqatta'at: The Disjointed Letters

... combinations that open 29 surahs of the Quran, the various scholarly interpretations offered, and why they remain among the Qu...

HadithJarh wa Ta'dil: The Science of Narrator Criticism

How hadith scholars evaluated the reliability and trustworthiness of narrators...

HadithHow Hadith Scholars Authenticate Narrations

...step-by-step methodology used by classical and contemporary scholars to verify the chain and text of a hadith, including checki...

HadithMusnad Ahmad: The Largest Hadith Collection

... containing over 27,000 hadith and its importance in hadith scholarship.

HadithFabricated Hadith: Identifying and Rejecting Forgeries

The historical reasons hadith were fabricated, the methods scholars use to detect forgeries, and famous examples of widely cir...

HadithThe Forty Hadith of Imam al-Nawawi

... the core principles of Islam, compiled by the 13th-century scholar Imam al-Nawawi.

HadithTadlis: Hidden Defects in Hadith Chains

...the chain or the identity of a narrator, its types, and how scholars detect and handle it.

HadithMatn Criticism: Analyzing the Text of Hadith

How scholars evaluate the content of a hadith beyond the chain of narra...

HadithWomen Hadith Scholars Throughout Islamic History

The significant role women played in transmitting and teaching hadith, from Aisha bint Abi Bakr to Fatimah al-Bataihiyyah, and how no female narrator was ever a

EthicsTawbah: The Conditions of Sincere Repentance

The four conditions scholars have identified for a valid repentance: ceasing the sin, r...

EthicsTawakkul: True Reliance on Allah

...of tying the camel, and the levels of tawakkul described by scholars.

EthicsUjb: The Disease of Self-Amazement

..., knowledge, or worship, how it differs from pride, and the scholars' advice for treating it.

EthicsThe Islamic Etiquette of Disagreement

How the Companions and scholars disagreed with respect and maintained brotherhood, the dif...

HistorySa'id ibn al-Musayyib: The Master of the Tabi'in

The life and scholarship of the leading Tabi'i of Madinah, his deep knowledge of...

HistoryHasan al-Basri: The Sage of Basra

The legendary Tabi'i known for his eloquence, piety, and scholarship, whose circles in Basra produced some of Islam's greate...

HistoryIbn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: Scholar of the Heart and Mind

The prolific student of Ibn Taymiyyah whose works on spirituality, theology, and jurisprudence remain widely read, especially his Madarij al-Salikin.

HistoryIbn Khaldun: The Father of Sociology and Historiography

The 14th-century North African scholar whose Muqaddimah pioneered the study of history as a scienc...

HistoryFatimah al-Fihri: Founder of the World's Oldest University

The story of the woman who founded al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, in 859 CE, recognized as the oldest existing and continually operating university.

HistoryAisha bint Abi Bakr: The Greatest Woman Scholar

Aisha's unparalleled contributions to hadith transmission, jurisprudence, and Arabic poetry, and how the greatest Companions consulted her on difficult matters.

HistoryIbn Hazm: The Andalusian Polymath

The scholar of Cordoba who authored works on theology, jurisprudence, c...

HistoryImam al-Nawawi: A Life of Scholarship and Piety

The Syrian scholar who died at 45 but left enduring works including Riyad al-S...

HistoryAl-Idrisi: The World's Greatest Medieval Geographer

The Muslim scholar who created the most accurate map of the world in the 12th ...

SpiritualityMahabbah: The Love of Allah

The highest station of the spiritual path according to many scholars, how love of Allah is cultivated, and the signs that it ha...

SpiritualityDiseases of the Heart: Diagnosis and Treatment

...of the world, and anger, and the remedies prescribed by the scholars.

SpiritualityIkhlas: Sincerity as the Key to Acceptance of Deeds

...le ways sincerity can be compromised, and the advice of the scholars on purifying one's intentions.

SocietyIslamic Psychology: Understanding the Self Through Quran and Sunnah

How classical Islamic scholarship developed a sophisticated understanding of human psycho...

FinanceZakat in the Modern Economy: New Rulings for New Realities

How scholars apply zakat rulings to stocks, cryptocurrencies, retiremen...