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...ed the understanding of vision and light, and pioneered the modern scientific method.
The greatest traveler of the pre-modern world, covering approximately 120,000 km across the Muslim ...
Pan-Islamic political activist and Islamic modernist who traveled across the Muslim world calling for Muslim ...
...Islamic reformer and Grand Mufti of Egypt who advocated for modernizing Islamic education.
...t and one of the foremost authorities on Islamic law in the modern period. Author of al-Madkhal al-Fiqhi al-Amm and a pioneer ...
One of the foremost hadith scholars of the modern era, spending decades grading thousands of hadith.
...d a fierce defender of the Hanafi-Maturidi tradition in the modern era.
... and Grand Mufti, author of 'at-Tahrir wat-Tanwir,' a major modern Quran commentary, and pioneering work on maqasid ash-shari'...
Egyptian Azhari scholar and author of 'Fath al-Mun'im,' a modern commentary on Sahih Muslim.
...l-Qadisiyyah (15 AH). He was assassinated in 32 AH in Merv (modern Turkmenistan) by a miller, ending 400+ years of Sassanid ru...
...sia. His campaigns fundamentally shaped the Islamization of modern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan before he was killed in a militar...
...fi Tafsir al-Quran bi al-Quran is one of the most important modern tafsir works, using Quran to explain Quran in a systematic ...
...lar, author of al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir (the most significant modern Quran commentary) and Maqasid al-Shariah.
Father of modern surgery; his al-Tasrif introduced surgical instruments that...
...f the 20th century. His Adwa' al-Bayan is the most thorough modern tafsir that explains the Quran solely by the Quran and Sunn...
Rector of al-Azhar University (1958-1963). A leading reformist scholar who worked on pan-Islamic unity and issued the controversial fatwa recognizing Ja'fari (S
...r of al-Fiqh al-Islami wa-Adillatuh, the most comprehensive modern encyclopedia of comparative Islamic law.
.... His al-Madkhal al-Fiqhi al-'Amm is the most authoritative modern introduction to Islamic jurisprudence and civil law.
Known as 'Hakim al-Ummat' (The Sage of the Ummah). The most prolific Islamic scholar of the Indian subcontinent, writing over 1,000 works on every Islamic scien
The greatest hadith scholar of the Indian subcontinent in the 20th century. Known for his extraordinary memory — reportedly could recall the exact location of a
Turkish Islamic scholar whose Risale-i Nur (Epistles of Light) is one of the most widely read Islamic works of the 20th century.
Greatest Islamic scholar of 20th century India. His Bahishti Zewar is the most widely read Islamic guide for South Asian Muslims.
Nigerian Islamic scholar and reformer who advocated for direct Quran-based guidance over traditional authority.
Indian Deobandi scholar who spent years in Medina and opposed partition of India.
East African Islamic scholar and founder of the Uwaysiyya order; spread Islam in Somalia and East Africa.
...lamic thinker and founder of Jamaat-e-Islami; controversial modernist-Islamist ideologue.
Pakistani Islamic scholar and philosopher who developed neo-modernist approaches to Islamic thought.